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Dormant apple trees need to prevent pests
Apple trees during dormancy are a critical time for pest and disease control, focusing on issues such as apple canker, apple scab, codling moths, leafhoppers, and other overwintering pests. During this period, both pests and pathogens become inactive and enter a dormant state, making them easier to target and eliminate. Additionally, the trees are less sensitive to insecticides, allowing for the use of higher concentrations without causing damage. With no leaves on the branches, pesticide application becomes more efficient and effective. Therefore, implementing proper dormant season treatments can significantly enhance pest and disease management.
Agricultural control measures are essential during this time. First, orchard sanitation is crucial. After the leaves have fallen, all fallen leaves, diseased fruits, and weeds should be thoroughly removed and either burned or buried deep to destroy overwintering pests. At the same time, winter pruning should be carried out, cutting away diseased or infested branches. Second, bark scraping is highly effective. Many pests, such as hawthorn leafhoppers, spider mites, and tortrix moths, overwinter in rough or cracked bark. Carefully scraping off the old bark can eliminate up to 50% to 90% of these pests. Third, painting the trunk white helps protect it from temperature fluctuations and pests. It is recommended to apply white wash twice—once after defoliation but before freezing, and again in early spring. This protects the main trunk, major branches, and larger side branches. Fourth, deep plowing under the tree canopy (20–30 cm deep) before winter can help disrupt the life cycle of soil-dwelling pests like the peach fruit borer and two-spotted mite. When plowing, make sure to turn the lower soil to the top layer to expose pests to the elements.
Chemical control methods are also important. For apple canker and branch ring rot, affected areas should be scraped and treated in early winter or early spring. The lesions should be cut into a fusiform shape, extending about 1 cm beyond the original area and reaching the xylem to ensure complete removal of infected tissue. All tools used must be disinfected before and after scraping, and the scrapings should be burned outside the orchard. After scraping, the area should be disinfected with 2–3 applications of citric acid solution, or 10–20 times diluted agricultural antibiotic 120, or 30–50 times diluted bactericidal agent. In addition, any new lesions that appear within three years after treatment should be re-disinfected using the same agents. For orchards with mild cases of apple canker, spraying the trees before winter or in early spring with products such as Corbicillin, 2% agricultural antibiotic 120, 5% bacteriocin clear at 100 times dilution, 5 Baume lime sulfur, or a mixture of 5% bacteriocin clear and Corium at 1000 times dilution can be effective.
For pest control, before flower buds begin to open in early spring, it's important to target overwintering eggs of codling moths, aphids, and scale insects, as well as newly hatched nymphs and adult females of certain pests. Spraying options include 99.1% dichlorvos EC diluted 20 times, 95% diesel EC diluted 50–80 times, 50% sulfur suspension diluted 30–50 times, or 5 Baume lithosulfur. These treatments are particularly effective when applied during the dormant stage. (Jinzhong Agricultural Bureau, Shanxi Province)