Gauze Dressing,Sterile Gauze Dressings,Medical Dressing Gauze,Gauze Dressing For Wounds Roosin Medical Co.,Ltd , https://www.roosinmedical.com
Cowshed construction
The design of a cowshed should be based on local climate conditions and the specific needs of the cattle farm. A well-constructed barn should be simple, locally sourced, cost-effective, and practical while meeting veterinary hygiene standards and being scientifically designed. If conditions allow, it's advisable to build a high-quality, durable cowshed. Ideally, the barn should face south or southeast to maximize sunlight exposure and ensure good ventilation. It must have sufficient windows of appropriate size to allow for natural light and air circulation. The roof should be thick enough to provide good insulation and protect against extreme weather.
**Basic Structure:**
1. The foundation and walls should be 80–100 cm deep. The brick walls should be 24 cm thick. The ridge height of a double-slope roof should be between 4.0–5.0 meters, with the front and back wall heights ranging from 3.0–3.5 meters. The inner walls should not be fully enclosed to prevent moisture from seeping in and to improve structural stability and thermal insulation.
2. Doors and windows should be 2.1–2.2 meters in height and 2–2.5 meters in width. Double doors are commonly used, and roll-up doors can also be installed. Windows should be large, measuring 1.5 meters in height and width, with the window sill positioned about 1.2 meters above the ground for optimal visibility and airflow.
3. The site area should include space for cattle production, management, and staff living areas. The size of the farm should be calculated based on the space required per cow, along with long-term planning. Typically, the area of cowsheds and other facilities should account for 15%–20% of the total site area. The space required per cow varies depending on the type of cattle and feeding system. For example, fattening cattle need 1.6–4.6 square meters per head, while breeding cows require 2.3–4.6 square meters each. Each stall for fenced cattle should be around 1.6–2.0 square meters.
4. The most common roof type is a double-slope design. This structure is suitable for larger barns and can accommodate all types of cattle. It’s economical, provides good insulation, and is easy to construct.
5. Cattle beds and feeding troughs are essential. Most beef cattle are fed through troughs. The bed should be 1.6–1.8 meters long and 1.0–1.2 meters wide, with a slope of 1.5% to ensure proper drainage. The feeding trough should be placed in front of the bed. A fixed cement trough is ideal, with a width of 0.6–0.8 meters and a bottom width of 0.35–0.40 meters. The trough should have a curved shape, with the outer edge 0.6–0.8 meters high from the walkway. To make operations easier, a high-aisle channel should be built, ensuring that the edges of the troughs and channels are on the same level.
6. In double-row barns with central channels and manure ditches, the central passage should be 4–5 meters wide. The width of the road should be determined by the size of the feed cart. If the channel is built as a single unit, the road width should be at least 3 meters (including the material tank). The manure and urine ditch should be 0.25–0.3 meters wide and 0.15–0.3 meters deep, sloping at a ratio of 1:150 to 1:100 for efficient waste removal.