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Dormant apple trees need to prevent pests
Apple trees during dormancy are a key time for pest control, focusing on issues such as apple canker, apple ring rot, codling moths, leafhoppers, and other pests. During this period, both pests and pathogens become inactive and enter their overwintering stage, making them easier to target and eliminate. At the same time, the trees are less sensitive to insecticides, allowing for higher concentrations of pesticides to be used safely. Since there are no leaves on the trees, pesticide application is also more efficient. Therefore, implementing effective overwintering pest control measures during dormancy can yield significant results.
Agricultural control methods are essential during this time. First, orchard sanitation is crucial. After the leaves have fallen, all fallen leaves, diseased fruits, and weeds should be thoroughly removed and either burned or buried deeply to destroy overwintering pests. Additionally, pruning should be done in winter to cut off any diseased or infested branches. Second, bark scraping is an effective technique. Many pests, such as the hawthorn leafhopper, spider mites, and leaf rollers, overwinter under rough bark, cracks, and crevices. Carefully scraping these areas can eliminate 50% to 90% of the overwintering population. Third, whitewashing the trunk is recommended. Apply white paint twice—once after defoliation and before freezing, and again in early spring. This protects the main trunk, major branches, and larger side branches. Fourth, deep plowing is beneficial. Before sealing the soil, turning the top 20-30 cm of soil under the canopy helps expose and eliminate pests like the peach fruit borer, hawthorn leafhopper, and two-spotted spider mite. When plowing, it's important to bring the lower soil to the surface to maximize effectiveness.
Chemical control is also important. For apple canker and branch ring rot, it's essential to remove the affected areas during early winter or early spring. When scraping the lesions, the area should be oval-shaped, about 1 cm wider than the original lesion, and reach the xylem layer to fully eliminate the infected tissue. Tools used for scraping must be disinfected, and the scraped material should be burned outside the orchard. After scraping, apply a disinfectant solution, such as 2–3 times diluted citric acid, 10–20 times diluted agricultural antibiotic 120, or 30–50 times diluted bactericidal agent. In addition, re-disinfect the old lesions within three years using the same treatment. For orchards with mild canker, spraying the trees before winter or early spring with agents like Corbicillin, 2% agricultural anti-120, 5% bacteriocin clear at 100 times dilution, 5°Bé lime sulfur, or a mixture of 5% bacteriocin clear and 1000 times diluted Corium can help manage the disease.
For pest control, before the flower buds begin to open in early spring, it's important to target overwintering pests such as the codling moth eggs, newly hatched nymphs, apple ermine moth eggs, adult female beetles, and scale insects. Spraying solutions such as 99.1% dichlorvos EC at 20 times dilution, 95% diesel EC at 50–80 times dilution, 50% sulfur suspension at 30–50 times dilution, or 5°Bé lime sulfur can effectively control these pests. (Jinzhong Agricultural Bureau, Shanxi Province)