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After years of working with experienced mushroom growers, we have developed a comprehensive set of technical practices for cultivating black fungus using fresh distiller's grains. These five key points are essential for successful cultivation and are now shared here for the benefit of edible mushroom farmers.
First, it is crucial to pre-dry the distiller's grains one week in advance. Spread them on a concrete floor or plastic sheeting, turning them regularly to ensure even drying and sterilization. This process helps eliminate impurities and reduce the pungent smell. Once dried, mix approximately 4% lime powder by dry weight to neutralize the acidity, making the material more suitable for fungal growth.
Second, the culture formula should be carefully balanced. The lignin content must be low, so wood chips should be added to improve aeration and support mycelium development. Here are three recommended formulas:
1) 77% sorghum or rice/wheat distiller’s grains, 5% rice bran or bran, 15% sawdust, plus 1% superphosphate, gypsum, and lime;
2) 77% barley or broken rice distiller’s grains, 20% sawdust, plus 1% of the other additives;
3) 77% sorghum distiller’s grains, 15% rice bran or bran, 5% sawdust, with the same additive ratio. The moisture content of the mixture should be maintained between 60% and 65%.
Third, use 17cm x 33cm polyethylene bags for packaging. When filling the bags, gently press the material from the top 6–8 cm without compressing it too tightly. Tie the bags securely. Since distiller’s grains often contain thermophilic bacteria, thorough sterilization is essential. A two-stage atmospheric pressure sterilization method is recommended: after 4 hours of steam maintenance, let the temperature drop to 30°C and keep it insulated for 1–2 days before reheating to 100°C for another 4 hours.
Fourth, when inoculating, wait until the temperature drops to 30°C before introducing the spores. Transfer the bags to a room-temperature environment, ensuring proper humidity and temperature control. Regularly inspect the bags for signs of contamination, such as bacterial spots. If found, remove the affected bag immediately and inject 0.2% carbendazim solution to prevent spread.
Fifth, during the fruiting stage, the surface of the mushroom substrate is prone to contamination. If any issues arise, remove the infected area along with the surrounding material or apply concentrated lime water. Ventilate the growing area 2–3 times daily and mist it 2–3 times to maintain 85–90% relative humidity. Following these steps can yield approximately 100–120 kg of fresh black fungus per 100 kg of distiller’s grains. This method offers a viable and profitable opportunity for farmers looking to improve their income and lift themselves out of poverty. It is highly recommended for widespread adoption.