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Several Considerations for Using Compound Fertilizer
Compound fertilizer offers numerous benefits, including high nutrient content, minimal filler materials, and improved physical properties. It plays a crucial role in balanced fertilization, enhancing nutrient efficiency, and ensuring stable and high crop yields. However, it also has some limitations. For instance, the nutrient ratio is fixed, while different crops and soil types require varying amounts and combinations of nutrients. Therefore, before applying compound fertilizer, it's essential to conduct soil testing to understand the soil's texture and nutrient levels. Farmers should also be mindful of application rates and methods to achieve optimal results.
As grain production increases, signs of soil nutrient depletion have become evident. In response, farmers are increasingly using multiple types of compound fertilizers to meet specific crop needs. Currently, three major trends are shaping the development of compound fertilizers. First, there's a move toward specialized formulations tailored for specific crops. These customized fertilizers are designed based on the growth patterns and nutrient requirements of each plant. If farmers use non-specialized fertilizers, it can disrupt nutrient uptake, leading to wasted resources and lower yield potential.
Second, there's an increasing trend toward multi-functional compound fertilizers that combine pesticides and fertilizers. This integration eliminates the need for separate seed treatments, providing both nutrition and protection against pests and diseases. Third, long-lasting, high-concentration compound fertilizers are becoming more popular. These products reduce the number of applications, simplify farming operations, eliminate the need for top-dressing, save labor, and improve efficiency and quality.
When using compound fertilizers, it's important to understand their characteristics. First, since they have a long-lasting effect, they should be applied as base fertilizer. Studies show that both binary and ternary compound fertilizers are best used as base fertilizers, especially for phosphorus and potassium, which are critical during early crop growth. Controlled-release formulas, with coatings and granulation, provide steady nutrient supply, reducing leaching and improving efficiency. A typical application rate is 30–40 kg per mu (667 square meters). They should not be used as seedling or late-stage fertilizers to avoid over-fertilization. For crops that receive compound fertilizer at sowing, additional nitrogen sources should be added during top-dressing to meet crop needs.
Second, compound fertilizers vary widely in concentration. Choosing the right one depends on local conditions, soil type, and crop requirements. Most fertilizers are formulated for average regional conditions. There are low, medium, and high-concentration options available. Low concentrations contain 25–30% total nutrients, medium ones 30–40%, and high ones above 40%. High-concentration fertilizers are ideal for cash crops due to their efficiency and low residue. However, they must not come into direct contact with seeds or young roots, as this can cause damage or burning. During sowing, keep seeds 5–10 cm away from the fertilizer.
Third, different compound fertilizers use various raw materials, so it's important to match them with soil and crop types. For example, nitrate-based fertilizers should not be used on leafy vegetables or rice paddies. Ammonium-based fertilizers are unsuitable for saline-alkali soils, and those containing potassium chloride should not be used on chlorine-sensitive crops or such soils. Potassium sulfate-based fertilizers are not recommended for paddy fields or acidic soils. Improper use can reduce effectiveness or even harm crops.
Additionally, compound fertilizers contain multiple macronutrients, but nitrogen can easily volatilize or wash away, while phosphorus and potassium tend to be fixed by the soil. Phosphorus, in particular, is less mobile and difficult for plants to absorb, especially in dry conditions. To maximize efficiency, compound fertilizers should be deeply buried.
Proper use of compound fertilizers brings significant benefits. When choosing a product, farmers should also consider its nutrient composition, packaging, and manufacturer to avoid counterfeit or low-quality products. Always read labels carefully and consult local agricultural experts for guidance.