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Comprehensive supporting technology for sowing of summer maize no-tillage and covering machine
This innovative agricultural technology was recognized as a key project for promotion by the Hebei Provincial Agricultural Department in 2002. It enables the direct sowing of summer corn on fields that have been covered with wheat residue, without any tillage after wheat harvest. This integrated system combines multiple operations such as ditching, sowing, fertilizing, soil covering, and compaction. The method includes no-tillage sowing machinery for summer maize, proper straw management from previous crops, deep fertilizer application, and chemical weed control. This technique offers numerous benefits, including labor savings, timely planting, improved seed quality, reduced wheat straw burning, and enhanced soil fertility. Additionally, the wheat straw helps retain soil moisture and suppress weed growth. As a result, it is an efficient farm machinery technology that boosts productivity and has positive ecological effects.
In 2002, the Agricultural Machinery Promotion Station of Changli County conducted a demonstration project in Yujiapu Township, covering 4,000 mu. The results showed an increase of 20 kg per acre in corn yield. In 2003, the technology was promoted throughout the county, and local agricultural stations were encouraged to actively support its implementation through publicity, education, and organization.
**Application Scope**
This technique is suitable for corn cultivation in areas where wheat and corn are grown in rotation.
**Technical Points**
1. **Seed Selection**
Choose early to mid-season hybrid maize varieties with a growth period of around 100 days. Seeds must be of high quality, with a purity of at least 97%, germination rate of no less than 95%, and moisture content not exceeding 14%. Treat seeds before sowing to prevent pests and diseases.
2. **Field Preparation**
- Ensure the field surface is smooth to facilitate planter operation and irrigation during corn growth.
- Control armyworms during the wheat growing season by spraying herbicides or manually removing weeds in spring.
3. **Straw Management**
- Use a combine harvester equipped with a straw chopper, keeping stubble height under 20 cm.
- For machines without a chopper, use a straw shredder or manually spread the straw evenly.
- For staged harvesting, chop the straw and spread it uniformly after sowing.
4. **Equipment Requirements**
The planter should be capable of ditching, deep seeding, planting, soil covering, and compaction. It must be durable, resistant to clogging, and able to maintain consistent trench depth. Adjust spacing and machine settings according to agronomic requirements. Semi-precision planters should ensure at least 70% of holes contain two seeds, while precision planters should achieve a single-seed rate of over 90%.
5. **Sowing Date and Rate**
Summer corn is typically sown in early June, synchronized with wheat harvesting. Sowing density and spacing should be adjusted based on soil conditions and variety characteristics.
6. **Row Spacing**
Wider rows (60–70 cm) are recommended to facilitate mechanical harvesting.
7. **Fertilization and Sowing**
Ditches should be at least 5 cm deep, with narrow furrows to allow straw to be pushed to the sides. Seeds should be planted 3–5 cm deep, with fertilizer placed 5 cm beside the seed. Use diammonium phosphate and urea at rates of about 2.5 kg and 5–10 kg per acre, respectively. Fertilizer and sowing should be done simultaneously using a combined planter.
8. **Herbicide and Pesticide Application**
Apply herbicides within three days of sowing, using products like B&A suspension concentrate or atrazine. Avoid over-spraying. If pests are severe, apply pesticides at the same time.
9. **Field Management**
- Monitor seedling emergence and ensure sufficient plant population.
- Apply top-dressing during the seedling and tasseling stages, using 30–40% of total fertilizer during the seedling stage and 60–70% during tasseling. Deep fertilization improves nutrient absorption.
- Monitor for pests and diseases, especially underground pests in the early stage and corn borers in later stages. Use appropriate insecticides like oxamyl or chlorpyrifos as needed.