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Measures to strengthen the cultivation of fish species in the autumn
The water temperature in autumn typically ranges from 20°C to 30°C, making it an ideal season for fish growth. If fish are not harvested during this time, they tend to grow into large, well-fed species. However, by winter, most fish species become weak and thin, leading to high mortality rates, with survival rates often dropping below 60%. For this reason, enhancing fish farming efforts in the autumn is a top priority for fish farmers.
One of the key strategies is to disinfect and renovate the ponds before transferring the fish. After several months of breeding in spring and summer, the water quality in the original ponds tends to deteriorate. Oxygen levels and natural food sources decrease, while harmful pathogens increase, which negatively affects fish growth—especially smaller fish that struggle to compete for food. Grass carp, in particular, are more prone to diseases in such conditions. Therefore, it's important to move the fish to new, better-conditioned ponds. In areas where water supply is limited, the existing pond water can be reused after netting and removing the fish. Then, 40 to 50 kg of quicklime per acre can be applied to sterilize the pond.
Another essential practice is proper size classification and stocking. Fish of different sizes should be grouped together in the same pond, with appropriate ratios based on species. For example, if the main species is carp, about 30% grass carp can be added. If the pond is dominated by grass carp, then around 30% common carp can be included. The ratio between common carp and grass carp should be 5:1, and if the carp are small, the proportion can be reduced accordingly. When raising three types of fish, the stocking density should not be too high, with the total weight of fish per mu kept between 100 and 150 kg.
Feeding and fertilization also play a crucial role. For ponds primarily stocked with tilapia and silver carp, fertilization should be prioritized, with supplementary feeding using fine feed. Typically, 5 to 10 kg of fertilizer per acre per week is recommended, with a balanced ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (1:1:0.5). Alternatively, about 50 kg of livestock manure can be spread evenly in the water to promote the growth of aquatic organisms. For grass carp-dominated ponds, feeding should be intensified. Each 10,000 fish should receive about 5 kg of fine feed daily, supplemented with duckweed and fresh grasses, fed in two portions—one in the morning and one in the afternoon.
Finally, regularly replacing the water helps maintain good water quality, keeps the environment fresh, and supports faster growth and better fat accumulation, which is essential for the fish to survive the winter safely.
Author unit: Chuxi Town Aquatic Product Station, Jiangyan City, Jiangsu Province