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Measures to strengthen the cultivation of fish species in the autumn
The water temperature in autumn typically ranges from 20 to 30°C, making it an ideal season for fish growth. If fish are not harvested during this period, they tend to grow into larger, fatter species. However, by winter, most fish species become thin and weak, leading to high mortality rates, with survival rates often dropping below 60%. Therefore, effective fish farming practices during autumn are crucial for farmers. To ensure better results, the following measures should be taken:
First, it is important to disinfect the ponds before transferring fish. In Xintang, after several months of breeding in spring and summer, the water quality in the original fish ponds tends to deteriorate. Oxygen levels and food organisms decrease, while harmful pathogens increase, which negatively affects fish growth—especially smaller fish that struggle to compete for food. Grass carp, in particular, becomes more prone to disease under these conditions. Hence, moving fish to a new pond with better conditions is essential for optimal growth.
In areas where water sources are limited, the existing pond water can still be used. After netting the fish multiple times, all species can be transferred, and about 40–50 kg of quicklime per acre can be applied to sterilize the pond. This helps eliminate pathogens and creates a healthier environment for the fish.
Next, proper classification and stocking of fish based on size and species is important. Different fish types should be mixed reasonably. For example, if the main species is carp, it can be combined with 30% grass carp. Similarly, for grass carp-dominated ponds, 30% carp or other species can be added. The ratio between carp and carp species should ideally be 5:1, but if the carp are smaller, the proportion can be adjusted accordingly. When raising three types of fish together, the stocking density should not be too high, with the total weight per mu (about 667 square meters) kept between 100 and 150 kg.
Feeding and fertilization must also be carefully managed. For ponds mainly raised with algae and squid, fertilization should be prioritized, with fine feed as a supplement. Usually, 5–10 kg of fertilizer per acre per week is recommended, with a balanced ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (1:1:0.5). Alternatively, around 50 kg of livestock manure can be evenly spread in the water to promote the growth of food organisms.
For grass carp-based ponds, feeding should be intensified. Each 10,000 fish should receive approximately 5 kg of finely ground feed daily, along with some duckweed and fresh grasses. These can be fed in two portions, one in the afternoon and another at the same time. Regularly adding fresh water helps maintain good water quality, supports fish growth, and prepares them for a safer winter.
Author unit: Chuxi Town Aquatic Product Station, Jiangyan City, Jiangsu Province