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Meat sheep comprehensive fattening technology
By employing various hybrid breeding techniques, local goat breeds are used as the maternal line, while high-quality meat breeds are introduced as the paternal line to carry out economically viable crossbreeding. This approach results in commercial lambs that retain the hardy characteristics of local breeds—such as strong adaptability and resilience—while also benefiting from the fast growth, superior meat production, and high-quality meat of exotic breeds. The efficient utilization of local pastures and agricultural by-products further enhances economic returns.
First, high-quality fat lamb feeding practices should be implemented. Lambs have two key physiological traits: they grow rapidly before six months of age, after which their growth rate slows down. Additionally, their rumen is not fully developed before four months, meaning microbial digestion is limited. Therefore, concentrate feed is primarily broken down in the rumen and then absorbed, leading to higher feed efficiency and better economic returns.
Supplementary feeding for lambs can include cereal-based feeds with a suitable amount of soybean meal or mixed concentrates. For example, a mix of 45% corn, 22% wheat bran, 30% soybean meal, 1% salt, and 2% fish meal works well. The concentrate feed quantity increases with age: 50-70 grams per day for 20-30 days old, 100-150 grams for 1-2 months, 200 grams for 2-3 months, and 250 grams for 3-4 months, given twice daily.
Ewes should graze on high-quality pastures or be fed high-quality forages. Each ewe should receive 0.4-0.7 kg of a balanced concentrate daily, composed of 60% corn, 8% wheat bran, 16% cottonseed cake, 12% soybean meal, 1% salt, and 3% calcium hydrogen phosphate.
Lambs can be weaned at 60 days of age under current Chinese farming conditions. If supplemental feeding is sufficient, weaning can occur as early as 42 days. Selecting healthy, vigorous lambs for fattening is crucial, with male lambs being preferred due to their faster growth and lack of sexual maturity at this stage.
Feed supply must remain stable to reduce stress after weaning. Consistent feed types during both supplementation and the fattening period help maintain performance. The diet should be rich in protein and energy, with crude protein levels around 20%, and proper calcium-to-phosphorus ratios.
A well-balanced diet should also include vitamins, minerals, and antibiotics to support health and growth. Hygienic management is essential—ensuring clean water, good ventilation, dry bedding, and regular cleaning and disinfection of facilities.
In grazing and supplement feeding systems, the lambing season should be planned to align with peak market demand, such as around New Year or the Spring Festival. Lambing in early spring allows for longer growth periods. Fattening typically starts in mid-October, with concentrated feeding beginning just before slaughter to improve meat quality.
Weaning usually occurs between 2 to 4 months of age, with adjustments for weak lambs. Post-weaning lambs should be grouped based on size and weight, dewormed, and managed individually. Daily grazing time should be 7–9 hours, with roughage supplements after each session. In winter, more high-quality roughage like peanut meal and sweet potato meal should be provided.
Regular supplementary feeding with mixed concentrates is important, especially in the final two months before slaughter. This phase requires increased concentrate intake to maximize weight gain.
For quality meat production, castration of male lambs is recommended at about 18 days old, preferably in the morning. Horn removal is done 5–10 months post-birth, and tail docking is performed within the first 10 days. Shearing is generally done once or twice a year, depending on breed, and should be done on sunny, windless days to prevent colds. Finally, regular medicinal baths help control parasites and maintain overall flock health.