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Comprehensive supporting technology for sowing of summer maize no-tillage and covering machine
This innovative agricultural technology was officially recognized as a key project for promotion by the Hebei Provincial Department of Agriculture in 2002. It is designed for direct sowing of summer corn on land that has been covered with wheat residue, eliminating the need for traditional tillage after wheat harvest. This integrated technique combines several essential steps, including ditching, seeding, fertilizing, soil covering, and compaction. It also includes no-till sowing machinery, proper straw management from previous crops, deep application of chemical fertilizers, and chemical weed control. The benefits of this method include labor savings, time efficiency, improved seed quality, reduced burning of wheat straw, and enhanced soil fertility. Additionally, the retained wheat straw helps to reduce soil moisture evaporation and suppress weed growth. This farm machinery technology not only boosts productivity but also delivers significant ecological benefits.
In 2002, the Agricultural Machinery Promotion Station of Changli County conducted a demonstration on 4,000 mu in Yujiapu Township. The results showed an increase of 20 kg per mu in corn yield. In 2003, the technology was promoted across the county, and local agricultural stations were encouraged to actively support its implementation through publicity and organization efforts.
**Application Scope**
This technology is suitable for corn planting in wheat-corn rotation areas.
**Technical Points**
1. **Seed Selection**
Choose early to mid-maturity hybrid maize varieties with a growing period of around 100 days. Seeds must have a purity of at least 97%, a germination rate of no less than 95%, and a moisture content below 14%. Seed treatment is recommended to prevent pests and diseases.
2. **Field Preparation**
- Ensure the field surface is smooth to facilitate planter operation and irrigation.
- Control armyworms during the wheat growing season by timely herbicide application or manual weeding.
3. **Straw Management**
- Use a combine harvester equipped with a straw chopper, keeping stubble height under 20 cm.
- For machines without choppers, use a straw shredder or manually spread straw evenly.
- For staged harvesting, chop the straw and spread it uniformly after sowing.
4. **Equipment Requirements**
The planter should be capable of ditching, deep seeding, planting, soil covering, and compaction. It must be efficient, resistant to clogging, and adjustable for proper spacing. The seeder should ensure good seed distribution, with single-grain rates over 90%.
5. **Sowing Date and Rate**
Summer corn is typically sown in early June, coordinated with wheat harvesting. Sowing density and spacing should be adjusted based on soil conditions and variety.
6. **Row Spacing**
Wider row spacing (60–70 cm) is recommended to ease mechanical harvesting operations.
7. **Fertilization and Sowing**
Ditch depth should be at least 5 cm, and fertilizer placed 5 cm beside the seeds. Apply about 2.5 kg of diammonium phosphate and 5–10 kg of urea per acre. Fertilizer and sowing can be done simultaneously using a specialized planter.
8. **Herbicides and Pesticides**
Apply herbicides within three days after sowing, using products like B&A suspension or atrazine. Avoid over-spraying. If necessary, apply insecticides at the same time.
9. **Field Management**
- Ensure sufficient seedlings after emergence.
- Apply top-dressing during the seedling and tasseling stages, using 30–40% of total fertilizer initially and 60–70% later. Deep fertilization improves nutrient absorption.
- Monitor and treat diseases and pests promptly. Focus on underground pests in the seedling stage, and use appropriate sprays like oxamyl for corn borers and aphids.