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Several Considerations for Using Compound Fertilizer
Compound fertilizer offers several advantages, including high nutrient content, minimal filler materials, and improved physical properties. It plays a vital role in balanced fertilization, increasing fertilizer efficiency, and promoting higher and more stable crop yields. However, it also has certain limitations. For instance, the nutrient ratio in compound fertilizers is fixed, while different crops and soil types require varying amounts and types of nutrients. Therefore, before applying any compound fertilizer, it's essential to conduct soil testing to understand the soil's texture and nutrient levels, as well as to follow proper application rates for optimal results. As grain production increases, soil nutrient depletion has become a growing concern, prompting farmers to use multiple types of compound fertilizers more frequently.
Currently, the development of compound fertilizers is moving in three main directions. First, there is an increasing trend toward specialized formulations. Different crops require specific fertilizers designed based on their growth patterns and nutrient needs. When first using compound fertilizers, farmers should choose the right type for each crop. Using the wrong one can disrupt nutrient absorption, leading to wasted resources and reduced yield potential. Second, multi-functional fertilizers are becoming popular. These combine pesticides with chemical fertilizers, eliminating the need for separate seed treatments. Once applied, they provide essential nutrients while protecting against pests and diseases, offering multiple benefits. Third, long-lasting, high-concentration fertilizers are gaining popularity. These reduce the number of applications, simplify farming, eliminate the need for top-dressing, save labor, and improve efficiency and quality.
When using compound fertilizers, it's important to understand their characteristics. First, since they have a long-lasting effect, they should be used as base fertilizer. Research shows that both binary and ternary compound fertilizers are best applied at the beginning of the growing season. This is because they contain nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, with phosphorus and potassium being particularly critical early on. Controlled-release fertilizers, which use coating and granulation techniques, release nutrients slowly and steadily, reducing leaching and improving utilization. They are ideal for base fertilization, typically applied at 30–40 kg per mu (667 square meters). They should not be used as seedling or late-stage fertilizer to avoid over-fertilization. Since compound fertilizers break down slowly, additional nitrogen may be needed during top-dressing to meet crop demands.
Second, there is a wide range of concentrations available. Choosing the right concentration is crucial. Most compound fertilizers are formulated based on regional soil conditions and crop requirements. They come in low (25–30%), medium (30–40%), and high (over 40%) concentration options. The choice depends on local conditions, soil type, and crop needs. High-concentration fertilizers are often used for cash crops due to their high efficiency and low residue. However, they should not come into direct contact with seeds or young plants, as this can cause damage or even burn the roots. When sowing, keep seeds 5–10 cm away from the fertilizer placement.
Third, different compound fertilizers contain various raw materials and nutrient ratios, so attention must be paid to their composition. Some may include nitrates, ammonium, or chloride, which can be harmful under certain conditions. For example, nitrate-based fertilizers should not be used on leafy vegetables or rice paddies. Ammonium-containing fertilizers are unsuitable for saline-alkali soils, while those with potassium chloride should be avoided on chlorine-sensitive crops or in such soils. Potassium sulfate-based fertilizers should not be used in paddy fields or acidic soils. Improper use can reduce effectiveness or even harm crops. Additionally, since compound fertilizers contain multiple macronutrients, some elements like nitrogen can be lost through volatilization or runoff, while phosphorus and potassium tend to bind with soil particles, making them less available to plant roots. In dry conditions, this can further reduce efficiency, so deep placement is recommended.
Proper use of compound fertilizer brings significant benefits. When selecting a product, it's also important to consider its nutrient content, packaging, and the manufacturer’s reputation to avoid counterfeit products. Taking these factors into account ensures better performance and long-term sustainability in agriculture.