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Spring Shelf Cucumber Common Disease Control Measures
Greenhouse-grown cucumbers play a significant role in northern vegetable production, as they provide fresh produce to local residents earlier than traditional outdoor crops. They often become the main summer vegetable before being available in open fields. However, due to various factors, these cucumbers are frequently affected by diseases such as bacterial angular spot, downy mildew, and wilt, which can significantly impact both yield and quality. Through careful observation and research, we have identified the main causes of these recurring diseases and developed effective strategies for prevention and control.
First, let's look at **Cucumber Bacterial Angular Spot**. This disease primarily affects the leaves, petioles, tendrils, and fruits, and can also spread to stems. It occurs from the seedling stage through to maturity, making it one of the most common issues in northern greenhouse cucumber farming. On average, it can reduce yields by 10–20%, and in severe cases up to 30%. To manage this, several measures are recommended:
1. **Seed Treatment**: Soak seeds in warm water (50°C) for 20 minutes before sowing, or use 40% formalin diluted 150 times for 1.5 hours, or 1 million units of streptomycin sulfate diluted 500 times for 2 hours. After treatment, wash and germinate the seeds before planting.
2. **Cultivation Practices**: Use disease-free soil for seedlings and implement crop rotation with non-cucurbit plants for at least two years. Remove and bury infected plant parts promptly after harvest to prevent spread.
3. **Ecological Control**: Ventilate the greenhouse after sunset when nighttime temperatures are above 10°C, using broken ventilation for 1–2 hours. If temperatures exceed 12°C, continuous ventilation is possible. After irrigation, close the greenhouse and raise the temperature to 32°C for an hour, then ventilate for 3 hours. Maintain soil moisture around 70%, avoiding overwatering on rainy days.
4. **Chemical Control**: Apply antibiotics like streptomycin sulfate or 72% streptomycin SG diluted 400 times, or 50% DT fungicide diluted 500 times, or 77% mancozeb WP diluted 400 times. Spray 60–75 kg per 667 square meters, repeating every 7 days for 2–3 applications.
Next, **Cucumber Downy Mildew** is another serious issue, especially in northern greenhouses. It can cause entire crops to collapse, leading to significant losses. The disease mainly affects leaves, particularly younger ones, and can occur at any growth stage. Control methods include:
1. **Improve Environmental Conditions**: Follow similar ventilation and dehumidification techniques used for bacterial angular spot.
2. **High-Temperature Fumigation**: During sunny mornings, close the greenhouse and raise the temperature to 45°C for 2 hours. Ensure even heat distribution by adjusting temperature near the ground if necessary. Water the day before fumigation and monitor the temperature at the height of the cucumber plants. After 2 hours, gradually ventilate to return to normal temperature.
3. **Chemical Spraying**: Use products like 25% Amistar SC, 72.2% Previcur AS, 72% Kocide WP, 40% Phosphite WP, or 75% Chlorothalonil WP. For early stages, smoke treatments with 45% chlorothalonil FU can be applied in each room, sealed overnight, and ventilated the next morning.
Lastly, **Cucumber Wilt**—also known as vine disease—is a major concern, with incidence rates ranging from 3–5% to over 50% in severe cases. Symptoms include plant wilting, which can occur at the seedling stage. Prevention and control strategies include:
1. **Use Disease-Free Soil**: Start with clean, healthy soil for seedlings.
2. **Proper Cultivation**: Deep plow the soil, rotate with non-cucurbit crops for more than five years in heavily infested areas, apply well-rotted compost, and avoid overwatering. Remove diseased plants and disinfect the soil with carbendazim.
3. **Seed Disinfection**: Soak seeds in 40% formalin diluted 150 times for 1.5 hours, or use dry heat at 70°C for 72 hours (if moisture content is below 10%).
4. **Seedbed Disinfection**: Treat the seedbed with 50% carbendazim WP at 8g per square meter.
5. **Soil Disinfection**: Before planting, mix 4kg of 50% carbendazim WP with fine soil and apply it in planting holes.
6. **Grafting**: Use black-seed pumpkin as rootstock and graft cucumber scions to improve resistance.
7. **Chemical Treatment**: Apply 2% agricultural anti-120 AS diluted 100 times, or 50% carbendazim WP diluted 500 times, or 70% thiophanate-methyl WP diluted 800 times. Irrigate with 0.25kg of solution per irrigation, repeating every 10 days.
By implementing these integrated management practices, growers can significantly reduce the risk of disease and ensure healthier, more productive cucumber crops in northern greenhouses.