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Spring Shelf Cucumber Common Disease Control Measures
Greenhouse cucumbers play a significant role in northern vegetable production, providing fresh produce to residents earlier than usual and becoming the primary summer crop before it's typically available. However, due to various factors, these plants are frequently affected by diseases such as bacterial angular spot, downy mildew, and wilt, which can severely impact both yield and quality. By observing and studying these diseases, we have identified the main causes of their frequent occurrence in northern greenhouses and developed effective strategies for prevention and control.
First, cucumber bacterial angular spot is a major issue that affects leaves, petioles, tendrils, and even the fruit. It can occur at any stage, from seedlings to maturity, and reduces yields by 10–20%, sometimes up to 30%. To manage this disease:
1. Seed treatment is essential. Soak seeds in 50°C warm water for 20 minutes before sowing, or use 40% formalin diluted 150 times for 1.5 hours, or soak in 1 million units of streptomycin sulfate diluted 500 times for 2 hours before germination.
2. Cultivation practices should focus on using disease-free soil and practicing crop rotation for more than two years. Prompt removal and deep burial of infected plant parts are also crucial.
3. Ecological control involves proper ventilation. After sunset, ventilate when nighttime temperatures are above 10°C, using broken ventilation for 1–2 hours. If temperatures are above 12°C, continuous ventilation is possible. After irrigation, close the greenhouse, raise the temperature to 32°C for an hour, then ventilate for three hours. Repeat if necessary, and maintain soil moisture at around 70%.
4. Chemical control includes spraying with streptomycin sulfate, 72% streptomycin SG diluted 400 times, or 50% DT fungicide at 500 times. Apply 60–75 kg per 667 square meters every 7 days for 2–3 applications.
Second, cucumber downy mildew is one of the most destructive diseases in northern greenhouses. It can cause entire crops to collapse, especially in spring. The disease mainly affects the leaves and is most common in young, functional leaves. Control methods include:
1. Improving the indoor environment through ventilation and dehumidification, similar to measures used for bacterial angular spot.
2. High-temperature fumigation: On sunny mornings, close the greenhouse and raise the temperature to 45°C for 2 hours. Ensure the temperature is evenly distributed, especially in lower areas. Water the day before, and monitor the temperature at the level of the growing tips. After 2 hours, gradually ventilate.
3. Chemical treatments include sprays like 25% Amisite SC, 72.2% Previcur AS, or 72% Kocide WP. Smog methods involve using 45% chlorothalonil FU in the early stages, smoked overnight and ventilated the next morning, repeated every 7 days.
Third, cucumber wilt, also known as vine disease, is another serious problem. Incidence rates can reach 50% in severe cases. Symptoms include plant wilting, even at the seedling stage. Control measures include:
1. Using disease-free soil for seedlings.
2. Proper cultivation and management, such as deep plowing, rotating crops with non-cucurbit species for over five years, applying well-rotted compost, and avoiding overwatering. Remove diseased plants and disinfect the soil with carbendazim when necessary.
3. Seed disinfection: Soak seeds in 40% formalin diluted 150 times for 1.5 hours, or treat them with dry heat at 70°C for 72 hours if moisture content is below 10%.
4. Seedbed disinfection: Treat each square meter with 8g of 50% carbendazim WP.
5. Soil disinfection: Mix 4kg of 50% carbendazim WP with fine soil and apply it to planting holes before planting.
6. Grafting using black-seed pumpkin as rootstock can help prevent disease.
7. Chemical control includes using 2% agricultural anti-120 AS, 50% carbendazim WP, or 70% thiophanate-methyl WP. Apply 0.25kg of liquid per irrigation, repeating every 10 days after the first application.
By implementing these integrated strategies, farmers can significantly reduce the risk of disease and improve the overall health and productivity of greenhouse cucumbers.