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High-yield cultivation method of radish in summer
Summer radish cultivation requires selecting heat-resistant and drought-tolerant varieties that can develop fleshy roots under high temperatures. Recommended varieties include Xia Changbai II, East Huimei, Xia Meilian, and early seedlings like Xia Kang 40 days. These varieties are known for their white, smooth skin and small hook shape, making them ideal for summer planting.
Soil preparation is crucial for successful growth. Choose well-drained sandy loam soil with a flat terrain and deep layers. After harvesting the previous crop, remove weeds and apply 4,000 kg of organic fertilizer, 15 kg of potassium sulfate, and 30 kg of superphosphate per 667 square meters. Perform deep plowing to ensure proper soil aeration and structure. Once the field is level, create ridges spaced 80 cm apart with a height of 15–20 cm, planting two rows per ridge with 20–25 cm between them.
Sowing should be done according to variety size: 0.5 kg per 667 m² for large varieties, 0.75–1 kg for medium, and 1.5–2 kg for small ones. Sowing time varies from June to August depending on market demand. Large varieties are sown in holes 1.5–2 cm deep with 2–3 seeds per hole, followed by a 2 cm layer of fine soil. Medium varieties can be sown using either hole or drill methods, while small varieties are typically broadcasted.
Field management includes timely thinning of seedlings to ensure strong growth. The first thinning occurs when cotyledons are fully developed, and the second when the plant has two or three true leaves. At around five to six leaves, the fleshy root development becomes critical. Regular weeding and soil cultivation help maintain healthy growth. Shallow tilling is done initially, followed by deeper tilling after the third thinning to prevent lodging.
Watering is essential during hot summers. During germination, water according to the "three waterings and seedling" principle: one watering after sowing, another when the soil arches, and a final one after seedlings emerge. Seedlings require less frequent watering, while the leaf growth stage demands more moisture. During fleshy root expansion, consistent watering is vital to avoid root cracking or deformation.
Fertilization plays a key role in radish development. Apply 8–15 kg of urea per 667 m² after seedlings emerge to promote leaf growth. When the fleshy root starts to swell, apply 5–10 kg of urea, 10 kg of potassium sulfate, and 3–5 kg of calcium superphosphate. Spraying a mixture of 0.3% borax, 0.4% calcium chloride, or 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.3% borax can improve root quality and size.
Pest control is critical in summer due to high temperatures. Common pests include cabbage caterpillars, aphids, diamondback moths, and yellow striped beetles. Use black lights and yellow sticky traps for monitoring. In the early stages, apply BT EC 800–1000 times or 80% trichlorfon WP 1000 times for yellow striped beetles. For other pests, alternate between 48% chlorpyrifos emulsion 1000 times, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2500 times, and 5% thioctamol EC 1000 times every 5–7 days for 2–3 applications.
Harvesting should occur promptly once the fleshy roots are fully developed. Despite the high temperatures, it’s important to market the radishes quickly to maintain quality and meet market demand. Proper timing and care ensure a successful summer radish harvest.