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Mushroom cover soil material in autumn and winter season
Alumina preparation: The main materials used are rice husks and river mud, with a weight ratio of approximately 1:10. For every 100 square meters of cultivation area, about 4,000 kg of river mud and 500 kg of rice husks are prepared along with additional components. The river mud is first dried and crushed, while the rice husks are soaked in a 4% lime water solution for around 20 hours. After that, all supplementary materials are fermented thoroughly. Once fully fermented, the two components are well mixed, and water is added to achieve a moisture content of roughly 20%. The mixture is then sprayed, thoroughly blended, and covered with a plastic film. The pile is turned every 2 to 4 days, typically 3 to 4 times, until the odor diminishes, at which point it is ready for use.
Humus preparation: The ingredients include 600–1,000 kg of cow dung powder, 100 kg of bean cake, 80 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, 40 kg of urea, 60 kg of lime powder, and 30 kg of gypsum powder. The process begins by selecting a site near a water source, ideally about 25 square meters in size (suitable for covering 100 square meters of growing space). The surrounding soil should be at least 10 cm deep. All materials are crushed and thoroughly mixed before being evenly spread on the ground. The mixture is then turned over to a depth of more than 20 cm. After slight leveling, irrigation is performed to maintain a water level equal to the surface. About 10 days later, the watering process is repeated, and the water level is kept consistent. When temperatures rise, after 7–10 days, small bubbles or "stinking blisters" may appear on the water surface. If the temperature exceeds 30°C, turning the pile 3–4 times will result in more noticeable bubbling. Once this stage is complete, the water is drained, and the material is left to air dry naturally. When the soil surface develops large, deep cracks, the top 20 cm of soil is removed and placed on a hardened surface to dry. After crushing, the material is treated with the same "cover material treatment agent" solution mentioned earlier. It is then covered with a film and left for about 7 days before being ready for use.
Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Cao Debin