What is S-23?
S-23 demonstrates a markedly strong bond to androgen receptors
S-23 is an modern selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) with the added interest in its potential for male hormonal contraceptive. It binds to the androgen receptor more strongly than older compounds such as Andarine with a Ki of 1.7nM, and in animal studies it showed both a good ratio of anabolic to androgenic effects, and dose-dependent suppression of spermatogenesis with spontaneous recovery after cessation of research.
Added value for research with pronounced suppression of spermatogenesis. Not for human consumption.
S-23 Function
S-23 not only boosted muscle mass, but also reduced fat mass, as studied. SARMs have a bit of a 'soft' image in the doping world. They don't stimulate muscle growth in the way that anabolic Steroids do, but many users say that they are safer.
There are no studies yet that confirm this suspicion. But that S23 is not one of the safer SARMs - we'd be willing to wager a bottle of BCAAs on that.
S23 halts the production of sperm in the testes. In fact it does this so well that the researchers suspect S23 might be a good candidate for a male contraceptive. If this is the case it would probably have to be part of a cocktail that also contains an estradiol analogue, the researchers discovered. The lab animals lost their libido when they were given S23 on its own, and only recovered this when they were given estradiol benzoate together with the S23.
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Exterminate pests in winter
The overwintering pest population has a significant impact on the occurrence of insect pests in the following growing season. According to statistical data, eliminating one overwintering bollworm larva is equivalent to eliminating 300 to 500 larvae that would appear the next year. Similarly, removing one worm can prevent the emergence of approximately 3,000 larvae in the coming season. Therefore, controlling pests during winter is an efficient and cost-effective approach—achieving more with less effort and fewer resources.
There are several effective methods for exterminating pests during the winter months:
1. **Deep plowing** in late autumn and early winter (about 30 cm deep) helps to bring underground pests like earthworms, cotton bollworms, armyworms, and wheat leaf beetles to the surface, where they can be frozen and destroyed. This also disrupts aphid nests, preventing their hatching.
2. **Weed removal** in fields and gardens is crucial. Clearing weeds destroys overwintering habitats for locusts and slugs. Burning or destroying crop stalks can eliminate up to 90% of corn worms, cutworms, and cabbage worms.
3. **Winter irrigation** during freezing nights can kill locust eggs and planthopper larvae. The water lowers soil temperature and oxygen levels, significantly reducing pupae emergence rates.
4. **Bark scraping** on fruit trees helps remove pests hiding in rough bark, old cracks, and crevices, especially tree shrews. The removed bark should be buried or burned to prevent reinfestation.
5. **Painting tree trunks** with white paint and covering them with tight materials can help eliminate overwintering pests in the trunk and bark gaps.
6. **Pruning** fruit trees and other plants during dormancy allows for the removal of infested branches and eggs. These should be collected and burned outside the orchard.
7. **Freezing storage** in granaries by lowering the temperature through winter cold can inhibit pest breeding and reduce their survival rate.
8. **Spot treatments** with insecticides such as 40% omethoate, 50% monocrotophos, or malathion diluted 200 times can be applied to the buds and axillary areas of hibiscus, prickly ash, and fruit trees to control overwintering larvae effectively.
9. **Spraying weeds** in orchards with 2.5% deltamethrin, 20% cypermethrin diluted 4,000–5,000 times, or 10% imidacloprid ultrafine powder at 3,000–5,000 times dilution can efficiently kill locusts, grasshoppers, and flea beetles.
By implementing these winter pest control strategies, farmers can significantly reduce pest populations before the growing season begins, leading to healthier crops and lower pesticide use.