Common Flower Diseases - Perforation
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Symptoms

Cherry blossom leaf spot, commonly known as perforation, is caused by both fungal and bacterial pathogens. Fungal infections, such as cherry leaf spot, primarily affect the leaves and can also spread to shoots. The disease typically begins at the lower part of the canopy and gradually progresses upward. In the early stages, small purple-brown spots appear on the leaf tips, resembling needle-like lesions. As the disease advances, these spots expand into round or nearly circular lesions, ranging from 3 to 5 mm in diameter. The outer edges of the lesions are usually purplish-brown, while the center turns brown. In later stages, a separation layer forms around the lesion, causing it to dry out and eventually create a hole or perforation. In contrast, bacterial perforation starts with water-soaked, round lesions that often have a yellow halo surrounding them. These lesions do not show distinct spots but tend to be wet and sticky. As they dry, the infected tissue falls away, leaving behind characteristic holes. This disease not only affects cherry trees but also infects other stone fruit ornamentals, including plum, peach, apricot, and apple.

Disease Cycle

The pathogen responsible for bacterial leaf spot overwinters in infected leaves or shoot tips. In the following growing season, spores are dispersed by wind and rain, entering the plant through stomata. The disease typically appears in June and becomes severe between August and September. Years with heavy rainfall and strong winds often see more severe outbreaks, especially when trees are weakened by summer drought. For bacterial perforation, the infection cycle begins in late April, with peak symptoms occurring between June and July. The bacteria spread through wind, rain, and insects, entering the tree through stomata or lenticels. Warm temperatures in the following year further promote disease development.

Control Methods

1. In autumn, collect and burn fallen diseased leaves to reduce the source of infection. 2. Improve cultural practices by applying organic fertilizers, along with phosphorus and potassium, to strengthen the tree's health. Ensure proper irrigation to prevent both drought and waterlogging. 3. Before and after leaf emergence (especially for young trees), apply a 65% zineb solution diluted at 500 times, or a 3–5 degree lime sulfur solution, or a Bordeaux mixture at a ratio of 1:1:100 to 1:1:200. 4. After the leaves have fully emerged, treat affected areas with a zinc sulfate lime solution (500 g zinc sulfate, 2000 g slaked lime, and 120 liters of water) to help control bacterial infections. By implementing these measures, gardeners and growers can effectively manage and reduce the impact of leaf perforation diseases on their plants.

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