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Hericium erinaceus fast-growing and high-yielding cultivation techniques
Hericium, also known as Lion's Mane mushroom, is a popular edible fungus valued for its unique flavor and potential health benefits. In recent years, with the increasing demand for this mushroom, artificial cultivation has expanded rapidly, leading to higher production volumes. Below are the detailed techniques for cultivating Hericium erinaceus.
1. **Raw Material Selection and Preparation**
Choose fresh and clean sawdust or cottonseed hulls as the primary substrate. If the raw material is not fresh, expose it to sunlight for 2–3 days before use. For large-scale operations, prepare all materials in advance and store them in a dry, well-ventilated area. A common formula includes 65% sawdust (with an appropriate mix of different wood types), 30% rice bran, and 5% garden soil. Add 1% sugar, 0.2% urea, 0.3% ammonium nitrate, 0.5% magnesium sulfate, 2% gypsum, 1% superphosphate, and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate by weight of the dry material. Mix thoroughly with water at a ratio of 1:1.2–1.3, and add 0.01% potassium permanganate to disinfect. The moisture content should be around 60%, which can be checked by squeezing a handful of the mixture—there should be a slight drip of water. Adjust the pH to 5.5–6. If using cottonseed hulls, mix 90% cottonseed hulls with 3% farmland soil, 5% wheat bran, 1% ginseng, and 1% sucrose. The water-to-material ratio should be 1:1.4. Ensure the mixture is evenly blended and properly moistened without over-saturating it, as excess water can leach nutrients and hinder mycelial growth. Adding potato juice or bean cake water can further enhance yield.
2. **Bagging and Sealing**
Use polypropylene bags that are 50–60 cm wide and 26 cm long. Fold the bag and seal it into a tube using a heat sealer. Make sure the bags are tightly sealed to prevent contamination. Fill the bags with the prepared substrate, press them firmly, and tie the top with a string. Shape the bags slightly flattened to make them easier to handle during cultivation.
3. **Sterilization and Inoculation**
Place the filled bags in a sterilizer and perform atmospheric steam sterilization at 100°C for 6–8 hours. After sterilization, allow the bags to cool to around 20°C before inoculating. Select healthy, uncontaminated strains and inoculate them in a sterile environment, such as an aseptic room or inoculation box. Use a sterilized inoculation hook to transfer the culture into the bags, ensuring each bag receives about 25–50 grams of starter culture. Seal the bag with a cotton plug and secure the opening to ensure proper air exchange, promoting strong mycelial growth.
4. **Cultivation and Management**
After inoculation, move the bags to a controlled cultivation room. Maintain a temperature between 25–30°C, and expect full mycelial colonization within 30–35 days. Growth slows below 12°C, and high temperatures above 33°C may inhibit development. When fruiting bodies begin to form, lower the temperature to 18–28°C, ideally 20–23°C, for optimal bud development. Once the buds grow to a knob-like shape, make a small hole in the bag or unfasten the top to improve air circulation. Ventilate the room by opening windows in the morning, midday, and evening for 15–20 minutes each time. Humidity is crucial—keep it at 10–20% during mycelial growth and 90–95% during fruiting. Too low humidity causes slow growth and poor quality, while too high humidity may lead to deformed or soft fruit bodies. Provide indirect light, as complete darkness hinders fruiting body formation. Mist the air regularly to maintain moisture and increase yield.
5. **Harvesting**
Harvest when the fruit body is fully developed, with white, fine hairs covering the surface and a length of about 1 cm. Gently press the bag with one hand while carefully twisting the fruiting body downward with the other. Avoid leaving the stem too long, as this can lead to spoilage after watering and attract pests.
The ideal season for growing Hericium erinaceus is autumn, when the weather is cool, rainy, and humid. However, with proper environmental control, cultivation can be successful year-round. By following these techniques, growers can achieve high-quality yields and sustainable production.