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Fruit and Fruit Management of Spur Apples
Artificial pollination is a crucial step in ensuring successful fertilization and fruit development. Before the actual pollination process, it's important to collect pollen from the anthers of flowers. Choose strong, compatible varieties for cross-pollination, and even ordinary varieties can be used to pollinate short-stemmed ones. During the flowering stage of the bell (when the lotus root is about to develop), remove the petals as soon as the flowers open, or directly rub two flowers together to release the pollen. After removing any impurities like petals, store the collected pollen on glossy paper in a well-ventilated room at 20–25°C with 60–80% humidity. Under these conditions, the pollen usually starts to crack within 1–2 days. Store extra pollen in sealed containers. At room temperature, pollen remains viable for 7–12 days, while refrigeration at 0–2°C can extend its viability to about one year.
Artificial pollination should be carried out during the early flowering stage of the main cultivar, when approximately 25% of the flowers have opened. Multiple pollination sessions may be conducted depending on the needs. Common methods include manual brushing, liquid spraying, and dusting. Use tools such as brushes or pencils to apply pollen directly to the stigma. One inflorescence can be pollinated by applying pollen to 2–3 flowers, and up to 3–5 inflorescences can be treated at once. For liquid pollination, prepare a solution with 5 kg of water, 0.5 kg of sucrose, 5 g of boric acid, and 25 ml of pollen. Mix well into a suspension and spray it onto the flowers using a sprayer. For dusting, mix the pollen with 10–50 times more talc or finely ground melon seeds to make it easier to spread. Use a duster to apply it, or place the mixture in a fine mesh bag tied to a pole and shake it over the canopy.
When performing pollination, follow the principle of "more on young trees, less on old ones." Apply more pollen to vigorous, healthy trees, and less to weak or underdeveloped ones. Focus on internal flowers that are more likely to set fruit, and give fewer pollinations to peripheral or weaker branches. The center flowers should receive less pollen compared to those on the edges. This helps optimize fruit set and ensures balanced development across the tree.
Thinning and fruit management are also essential, especially for apple trees that tend to produce excessive fruit. Early thinning is better than late thinning, as it prevents overloading the tree and promotes healthier growth. In some cases, natural disasters like rain or cold weather during bloom may prevent manual thinning, but after artificial pollination, thinning can still be done. Begin fruit thinning one week after flowering and complete it within a month. Delayed thinning can lead to excessive nutrient consumption and the production of hormones like gibberellin, which can inhibit flower bud formation. Therefore, it's best to thin as early as possible—start by removing excess buds, then thin blossoms, and finally fruits. The method of “thinning according to tree load and branch capacity†is effective in managing fruit density and ensuring optimal yield.