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How to apply phosphate fertilizer reasonably
Phosphorus is a vital nutrient for plant growth, playing a crucial role in the development of cell division, organ differentiation, and particularly in flowering and fruiting. It's essential for various physiological and metabolic processes in plants. Most phosphorus is stored in seeds, which helps support early seedling growth. Additionally, phosphorus enhances a plant's resistance to stress, cold, and drought, while also promoting the development of a strong root system, especially the growth of lateral and fine roots.
When plants are deficient in phosphorus, they often display dark green foliage and stunted growth. To improve their resilience, it's important to apply phosphate fertilizers correctly and appropriately. Here are some effective practices:
1. **Phosphorus at the Seedling Stage**: Plants absorb phosphorus most rapidly during the early growth phase. A deficiency at this stage can negatively impact future development.
2. **Fine Application**: Superphosphate tends to clump when exposed to moisture. Before applying, it should be crushed and sifted to ensure better root absorption.
3. **Concentrated Application**: Phosphorus can bind with iron, aluminum, or calcium in the soil, reducing its availability. Applying it directly near the seed or root helps maintain its effectiveness and improves survival and resistance.
4. **Mix with Organic Fertilizers**: Combining phosphate fertilizers with organic matter helps convert insoluble phosphates into forms that plants can easily use. This also reduces direct contact with soil, increasing fertilizer efficiency.
5. **Layered Application**: Since phosphorus doesn't move much in the soil, it's best to apply it both deep and on the surface. A typical application rate is around 10 kg per acre.
6. **Combine with Nitrogen**: Using nitrogen and phosphorus together ensures balanced nutrition, supporting strong root development and healthy plant growth.
7. **Foliar Spraying**: In later growth stages, when root absorption declines, foliar sprays of water-soluble superphosphate can be applied. Concentrations between 1% and 3% work well, and it's best to spray in the early morning or late afternoon.
8. **Moderate Application**: Phosphorus has a long-lasting effect, so it’s usually sufficient to apply it once every 2–3 crops. The amount should be adjusted based on the plant type and soil fertility to maintain a balance of N, P, and K.
9. **Soil Type Consideration**: Superphosphate is acidic and works best in neutral or alkaline soils, while calcium and magnesium phosphate fertilizers are more suitable for slightly acidic soils.
10. **Avoid Alkaline Mixtures**: Do not mix phosphate fertilizers with lime, wood ash, or other alkaline substances, as this can reduce their effectiveness. If needed, apply them separately, with at least 7–10 days in between.