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Exterminate pests in winter
The base population of overwintering pests significantly influences the occurrence of insect infestations in the following season. According to statistical data, eliminating a single overwintering bollworm larva is equivalent to removing 300 to 500 larvae in the next year. Similarly, eliminating one worm can be as effective as eradicating around 3,000 larvae in the upcoming season. Therefore, controlling pests during winter is not only efficient but also cost-effective and labor-saving. There are several effective methods for winter pest control:
In late autumn and early winter, deep plowing (about 30 cm deep) helps expose underground pests like earthworms and turn them to the surface where they can freeze and die. This method effectively destroys cotton bollworms, armyworms, and wheat leaf beetles, as well as aphid nests, preventing their emergence or hatching.
Removing weeds from the garden is crucial, as it eliminates overwintering sites for locusts and slugs. Clearing, crushing, piling, or burning crop stalks can kill up to 90% of corn worms, cutworms, and cabbage worms.
Winter irrigation combined with freezing temperatures can help kill locust eggs and planthopper larvae. The process also lowers soil oxygen levels and temperature, reducing the pupae's survival rate significantly.
Many pests hide in the rough bark, old cracks, and crevices of fruit trees. Scraping off the bark and burying or burning the shreds can effectively eliminate these pests, especially tree shrews.
Painting tree trunks with white paint and covering them tightly instead of letting them face downward helps prevent overwintering pests from hiding in tree trunks and gaps.
During dormancy, pruning fruit trees and cutting off branches that contain insect eggs is an effective way to reduce infestation. These branches should be collected and burned outside the orchard.
Freezing stored grains by lowering the room temperature during winter can inhibit pest breeding through long-term exposure to low temperatures.
Applying 40% omethoate, 50% monocrotophos, or malathion diluted 200 times and spot-spraying the buds of hibiscus, prickly ash, and fruit trees can effectively control overwintering larvae.
Spraying weeds in orchards with 2.5% deltamethrin, 20% cypermethrin at 4,000–5,000 times dilution, or 10% imidacloprid ultrafine powder at 3,000–5,000 times dilution can kill large numbers of locusts, grasshoppers, and flea beetles.
By implementing these winter pest management techniques, farmers can significantly reduce the risk of infestations in the coming season while using fewer resources and time.