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Newly-purchased pigs enter the "four steps"
Newly purchased pigs often experience significant stress due to changes in their environment, feed, and feeding practices, which can lead to dysfunction in various bodily systems. This stress can result in poor growth, with lighter pigs showing no weight gain for up to 10 days or even a month. In severe cases, pigs may develop symptoms such as fever, constipation, or diarrhea, and in some instances, the condition can be fatal. To reduce the risk of illness and improve survival rates, it's essential to implement a comprehensive "four-step" approach when introducing new pigs to the farm.
First, prepare the housing before bringing in new pigs. The pens should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected, especially if they have previously housed sick animals. Disinfection can be done using solutions like 2% sodium hydroxide, 5–10% lysol, or 10% peracetic acid, depending on the type of pathogen present.
Second, select healthy pigs. It’s best to purchase pigs from reliable sources that are known to be disease-free. If buying from local markets or mobile vendors, ensure that the pigs come with the "three certificates" (health certificate, vaccination record, and origin documentation). When purchasing, ask about the previous diet, feeding schedule, and number of meals to help manage the transition smoothly. When changing feeds, do so gradually rather than abruptly to avoid digestive upset.
Third, provide potassium permanganate solution or medicated water. On the first day after purchase, offer pigs a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution or add antibiotics to their drinking water. Ensure clean, fresh water is always available. Allow the pigs to move freely after drinking, and then feed them small amounts of green, juicy feed or pellets. On the second day, gradually introduce some concentrated feed, aiming for the pigs to eat about 78% full.
Finally, transition to normal feeding. Once the pigs have adapted to the new environment and feeding routine, they can be moved to a regular feeding schedule. Start by offering free-choice feed and consider adding doxycycline at a rate of 0.4–0.8 grams per pig per day to prevent sickness. To support gut health and digestion, you can also include yeast powder or baking soda in the feed. By following these steps, farmers can significantly reduce the risk of post-purchase health issues and promote better growth and well-being in their new pigs.