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Key Points of High-yielding Cultivation Techniques of Japan's Qiu Ji Li Zaoguo
In the spring of 1997, a new high-quality variety of fruit tree known as Qiu Ji was introduced to Nanyang City in Henan Province from Shandong. This variety was selected for early high-yield cultivation at the Nanyang City High-Quality Pollution-Free Fruit Demonstration Base. The base has a favorable climate with an annual average temperature of 15°C, annual rainfall of 780mm, and a frost-free period of 235 days. The region experiences four distinct seasons, with mild weather and a combination of rain and heat that supports ideal growing conditions. The area is well-irrigated, and its convenient transportation makes it an excellent location for agricultural development.
The experimental site covered 4.3 hectares, primarily cultivating the Japanese variety Aki Kita, with pollination trees of Angelo Lee planted in a 5:1 ratio. Within three to five years of planting, the yield per 666.7 m² reached 937 kg, 2048 kg, and 2934 kg respectively. With market prices ranging between 3.00 to 5.00 yuan per kilogram, the economic returns were substantial, reaching up to 11,057 yuan per 666.7 m². In 2002, the base expanded further, covering 65 hectares, and applied for special agricultural funding from the Henan provincial government.
Qiu Ji fruits are highly valued for their large size, with an average weight of 150 grams and a maximum of 250 grams. They feature a bright red skin, yellow flesh, and a sweet, rich flavor. The fruit is nearly seedless, with an edible rate of 97%, making it a premium product. It ripens in late September, coinciding with the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day, which makes it a popular holiday gift. Its early maturation, high yield, and good storage ability make it an economically promising crop, especially in southern Henan.
Cultivation techniques for Qiu Ji involve careful site selection. The trees thrive in areas with an annual average temperature of 15–22°C, annual rainfall of 1000–1800 mm, and over 1000 hours of sunlight. They can tolerate spring cold and rainy weather, as well as drought and high temperatures, but require well-drained soil. Planting pits should be 60 cm deep and 80 cm wide, with manure, lime, and compound fertilizer added before planting. Seedlings are planted in early spring or autumn, depending on local conditions, with spacing adjusted to 2m x 4m or 3m x 3m, ensuring a density of 75–110 plants per 666.7 m². Pollination trees (Angelo Lee) are planted at a 5:1 ratio.
Fertilization follows a “thin feeding, frequent application†approach. Young trees receive monthly applications of urea, superphosphate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, while mature trees benefit from annual farmyard manure and compound fertilizer. Irrigation is managed during dry periods, with mulching used to retain moisture and reduce heat stress. Drainage is critical during the rainy season to prevent waterlogging.
Pruning involves shaping the tree into a natural, open canopy with multiple branches. Saplings are pruned to 50–60 cm height, and shoots are left within 20 cm of the cut. Regular pruning helps control growth, improve air circulation, and promote fruiting. Flower and fruit management includes thinning to maintain a leaf-to-fruit ratio of 15–25:1, ensuring consistent fruit size and quality. Proper timing of pruning and girdling helps regulate flowering and fruit set.
Pest and disease control include the use of insecticides like imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos, as well as biological methods such as sweet and sour traps. Diseases like bacterial spot and leaf rust are managed through winter clean-up and regular spraying with fungicides like carbendazim and mancozeb.
Overall, the cultivation of Qiu Ji Li in Nanyang has proven to be both profitable and sustainable, offering farmers a valuable crop with strong market demand and excellent agronomic performance.