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Cattle farm building configuration requirements
The design and layout of a cattle house should be tailored to local conditions, ensuring ease of management, efficient production, and effective disease prevention and safety. A unified planning approach with a rational layout is essential. The structure should be neat, compact, and maximize land use while reducing investment costs, making it both economical and practical.
In China, due to the vast territory and significant regional differences between the north and south, as well as east and west, cowsheds are designed differently depending on the climate. In the three northeastern provinces, Inner Mongolia, and Qinghai, the focus is on cold protection, whereas in southern regions like the Yangtze River area, heatstroke prevention is more critical. The shape of the cowshed depends on the scale of feeding and the feeding method. The construction must facilitate feeding and management, provide good lighting, and help control temperature extremes in summer and winter, while also supporting disease prevention. When multiple buildings are constructed, they should be arranged with their long axes parallel. If there are more than four cowsheds, they can be placed in two rows, aligned one after another, with a minimum distance of 10 meters between them for ventilation and accessibility.
Feed storage areas should be strategically located relative to each cowshed, ideally at a slightly higher elevation to ensure dryness and good ventilation. This makes it easier to transport finished feed to each cowshed efficiently.
Hay and grass storage facilities should be positioned downwind from the main buildings and at least 50 meters away from other structures. This prevents contamination of the barn environment and ensures fire safety.
Silo or silo-like structures should be built following similar principles as feed storage. They should be located on elevated ground to prevent sewage such as urine from contaminating the surrounding area. Additionally, proper drainage and waste management systems must be considered.
The veterinary clinic and sick cowshed should be located in a remote part of the farm, preferably downwind from the main cattle area. This helps in isolating sick animals and minimizing the spread of diseases through air and water.
Offices and staff housing should be situated on higher ground within the farm to reduce the risk of air and water pollution and disease transmission. Entry points to the farm should include doors, disinfection rooms, and disinfection pools to maintain hygiene standards and prevent the spread of pathogens.