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Cattle farm building configuration requirements
The design and layout of a cattle house should be tailored to local conditions, ensuring ease of management, efficiency in production, and effective disease prevention and safety. A unified planning approach with a rational layout is essential. The structure should be neat, compact, and maximize land use while reducing costs and offering practicality.
In China, the vast territory leads to significant regional differences between the north and south, as well as east and west. In areas like the three northeastern provinces, Inner Mongolia, and Qinghai, cowsheds are primarily designed for cold protection. In contrast, in southern regions, especially south of the Yangtze River, heat resistance is the main focus. The shape and size of the cowshed depend on the scale of feeding and the method used. The construction must facilitate feeding and daily management, provide good lighting, and help manage extreme weather conditions—both summer heat and winter cold. It should also support effective disease control.
When multiple buildings are constructed, they should be arranged with their long axis parallel to each other. If there are more than four cowsheds, they can be placed in two rows, aligned one after another, with a distance of over 10 meters between them to ensure proper ventilation and accessibility.
Feed storage facilities should be located in a moderate position relative to each cowshed, preferably at a slightly higher elevation to ensure dryness and good airflow. This makes it easier to transport finished feed to each cowshed efficiently.
Hay and grass storage areas should ideally be positioned downwind and at least 50 meters away from other buildings. This helps prevent contamination of the barn environment and ensures fire safety.
Silo or silo-like structures should follow similar principles as feed storage. They should be located on elevated ground to avoid sewage seepage and pollution. Additionally, the site should be carefully chosen to maintain hygiene and operational efficiency.
The veterinary clinic and the sick cowshed should be located in a remote area of the farm, preferably downwind from the main livestock area. This allows for better isolation and reduces the risk of spreading diseases through air or water.
The office and staff housing should be situated at a higher elevation on the farm to minimize exposure to air and water pollution and reduce the chances of disease transmission. At the entrance of the farm, there should be doors equipped with disinfection rooms and pools to maintain biosecurity standards.