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Close-up of peach tree pruning method - delayed two-layer happy-shape
Peach trees trained using the delayed two-layer happy shape system follow a structured pruning approach aimed at optimizing growth, fruit production, and tree health. This method emphasizes controlled expansion of the canopy, improved air circulation, proper spacing between branches, and efficient use of space to achieve high yields.
After planting young peach saplings in early spring before bud break, when the first, second, and third shoots reach 50–60 cm in length, the branch angles are gradually opened to about 60 degrees. Winter pruning is then performed, with each branch cut back to 40–60 cm depending on its length.
In the second year, the focus shifts to expanding the crown and developing the main branches. From June to July, the angle of the central leader is loosened, buds are thinned, and vigorous branches are encouraged. Long, strong branches are removed to help shape the tree into a basic happy shape.
By the third year, back branches that grow to 20–30 cm are selected for further development. On the most vigorous main branches, vertical shoots located 20–40 cm from the trunk are trained as new branches, while all competing branches are removed. If there is sufficient water and nutrients, these new stems can grow up to 120–190 cm by winter, and should be pruned back to 160 cm for optimal structure.
In the fourth year, any stems that did not sprout in the previous season are shortened to 40–60 cm, leaving two or three main branches in the second layer. All other branches are removed. Trees that haven't reached 160 cm in height will continue training for another few years, delaying the formation of the full two-layer structure.
Key considerations for this pruning technique include: avoiding early trunk development, ensuring a minimum 150 cm gap between the first and second layers, keeping the second layer about one-third the size of the first, and preventing it from becoming too large to maintain good light and airflow. Pruning should mainly occur during the growing season, and shaping should coincide with flower promotion. The use of growth inhibitors like paclobutrazol (P333) can also help control excessive canopy growth.