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How do fishes reasonably calculate the number of eggs laid and specifications
Many people have witnessed fish spawning, but few pay attention to how many eggs are actually released in one go. It's commonly believed that the number is huge. In general, species that don’t protect their eggs tend to lay a lot, leading to higher losses and lower survival rates for their young. On the other hand, fish that guard their eggs usually produce fewer of them. For example, the thorny eel lays only 80-100 eggs, while the bream produces around 200-300. The carp can release up to 400,000 eggs, and some species like the gudgeon can lay as many as 10 million. The reason behind this massive egg production is to increase the chances of offspring surviving and spreading the mother’s genes as widely as possible.
Larger eggs often lead to larger, more viable fry, which improves their chances of survival. But why don’t most fish focus on producing fewer, larger eggs to ensure better survival? This is where evolutionary strategy comes into play. Fish spawning strategies are the result of generations of natural selection, and the best approach has been shaped over time.
For an organism to spread its genes as far as possible, there's a balance between egg size and number. If eggs are too large, the number produced may be too small, making it inefficient even if survival rates are high. Conversely, if eggs are too small, the survival rate might be too low to justify the effort. Therefore, fish must find the optimal middle ground—producing enough eggs to maximize the number of surviving offspring while still ensuring they have a decent chance of thriving. This balance ensures not only the survival of the next generation but also the wide dissemination of their genetic material.