Green mold, commonly known as Trichoderma, is one of the most destructive pathogens affecting Pleurotus ostreatus, or oyster mushrooms. This fungal disease can cause significant damage at various stages of mushroom cultivation. Once it takes hold, it can lead to reduced yields and even total crop failure, making it a major obstacle for growers. After years of research and field experiments, several effective prevention and control measures have been developed to manage this issue.

First, maintaining strict hygiene in the mushroom house is essential. The entire growing area, including walls, floors, and equipment, should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. Lime or yellow mud can be used to seal the walls, while 10% fresh lime water can be applied to walls, ceilings, and frames. Afterward, the floor and ceiling should be sprayed with lime solution, followed by a layer of lime powder. Finally, use a specialized mushroom disinfectant at a rate of 3–4 grams per cubic meter for fumigation. Throughout the cultivation period, regular spraying of 0.02% chloramphenicol or 0.02–0.03% streptomycin is crucial for preventing infections.

Second, selecting high-quality mushroom strains is key. Choose strains that are robust, white, dense, and have strong resistance to contamination. They should be free from pollution and of appropriate age to ensure optimal growth performance.

Third, using high-quality growing substrates is vital. The materials should be fresh and uncontaminated. Adding about 2% lime, 1% gypsum, and 0.1–0.15% Kemyme to the substrate can help suppress the growth of green mold. If the material is not fresh or shows signs of mildew, it should undergo high-temperature fermentation before use.

Fourth, proper environmental management plays a critical role. In the early stages of cultivation, keep the temperature moderate and maintain air humidity around 70%. This environment discourages mold growth but does not hinder the development of Pleurotus mycelium. Increasing the amount of spawn used—typically 10–15% of the dry weight—helps the mycelium establish dominance quickly. Ensure good ventilation and monitor the conditions inside the mushroom house to promote healthy mycelial growth and suppress mold development.

If small patches of green mold appear on the substrate or at the ends of the spawn bags, treat the affected areas with 0.1% green mold net, 0.1–0.2% clotrimazole, or concentrated lime water. These treatments can prevent spore spread and reduce further infection. For infected sites, applying 0.02% bactericidal solution can also inhibit bacterial growth. If contamination has penetrated deep into the substrate, cover the affected area with sand soaked in 0.2% bactericidal solution, carefully remove the contaminated portion, and then spray the exposed surface with 0.2% carbendazim or other fungicides. Apply thick lime milk afterward and refill with fresh substrate or spawn to contain the spread. In cases of severe contamination, the affected bags should be buried deeply for disposal. During the fruiting stage, spraying with an 800-fold solution of clomazone every 3–5 days can provide additional control.

This article was provided by Han Chaozheng, a senior fungi gardener at the Institute of Edible Fungi in Binhai County, Jiangsu Province, China. Contact: Tel: 0515-84103012, Mobile: 13851113822.

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