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How do fishes reasonably calculate the number of eggs laid and specifications
Many people have witnessed fish spawning, but few truly consider how many eggs are released in a single event. The common perception is that the number is huge. In general, species that provide little or no parental care tend to produce large numbers of eggs, which results in higher losses and lower survival rates for the young. On the other hand, fish that guard their eggs tend to lay fewer, but more protected, eggs. For example, the thornfish lays only 80–100 eggs, while the guppy produces around 200–300. Some species, like the carp, can lay up to 400,000 eggs, and certain fish, such as the wolfberry, can release as many as 10 million eggs at once. This strategy of producing a massive number of eggs is an evolutionary adaptation designed to increase the chances of some offspring surviving and spreading the parent’s genes across a wide area.
Larger eggs often result in larger, healthier fry, which have a better chance of surviving. So why don’t most fish focus on producing just a few large eggs instead of thousands? It turns out that there's a delicate balance between egg size and number. Species that invest heavily in a small number of large eggs may not be able to reproduce as frequently, limiting their ability to pass on their genes over generations. Conversely, if eggs are too small, the survival rate of the young drops significantly, making it less efficient overall.
The process of spawning and reproduction has been shaped by natural selection over millions of years. Evolution favors the optimal strategy—producing an amount of eggs that maximizes the number of surviving offspring. This balance ensures both the survival of the next generation and the widespread transmission of genetic material. By finding this middle ground, fish can successfully reproduce multiple times and ensure their genes continue to thrive in the ecosystem.