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Captive ducks need calcium
Ducks that are grazing typically do not face calcium deficiency, as they can obtain necessary nutrients from their natural environment. However, captive laying ducks rely entirely on commercial feeds to meet their nutritional needs. While protein and energy requirements are crucial, attention must also be given to other essential nutrients, especially calcium, to maintain high egg production and improve egg quality.
First, selecting a high-quality calcium source is vital. Common options include calcium carbonate, oyster shells, and bone meal. Limestone and shells are often used as primary sources due to their cost-effectiveness, but the proportions must be balanced. Excessive limestone may reduce appetite and impair calcium absorption. A recommended mix is 2 parts stone powder to 3 parts shell powder, with an additional 1% bone meal, which helps achieve the smoothest and strongest eggshells.
Second, calcium supplementation should begin at around 15 weeks of age. Even if ducks are still growing, some females may start laying eggs by day 100. Non-laying hens also store calcium in their bones in preparation for future egg production. Starting calcium early ensures physiological needs are met. The initial calcium level should be around 2.5%, gradually increasing as the ducks mature into laying hens.
Third, the appropriate amount of calcium varies depending on the egg production stage. A normal eggshell contains 2.92 to 3.02 grams of calcium, but only about 50–70% is retained in the body, with a utilization rate of roughly 65%. Therefore, each egg requires approximately 4.8 to 5.12 grams of calcium. Proper calcium levels help reduce breakage and improve overall egg quality. Insufficient calcium leads to soft or shellless eggs, increased feed intake, and fat accumulation in the liver and muscles, which negatively impacts egg production. On the other hand, too much calcium can suppress appetite and lower egg output.
Practical experience shows that optimal calcium levels depend on the laying rate: 2.5% when the rate is below 65%, 3% when between 65% and 85%, and 3.21% to 3.5% when the rate exceeds 80%. Monitoring and adjusting calcium levels accordingly is key to maintaining healthy and productive laying ducks.