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Breeding Modes and Key Techniques of Breeding Geese
Farming Mode
Practical experience in farming has shown that a family-based system with one female laborer can successfully raise 20 groups of 120 geese in total, maintaining a male-to-female ratio of 1:5. Based on this scale, it is necessary to plant 667 to 1,000 square meters of grass to provide sufficient green feed. The annual consumption of fine feed is approximately 4,000 kg (about 100 grams per day per goose). Additionally, the farm should include a fencing area of 30 to 40 square meters, an activity space of 100 to 150 square meters, and a resting area of 30 to 40 square meters. Those with better resources can expand the scale, which can lead to higher economic returns.
Key Technologies
(a) Selecting high-quality goslings in spring is crucial. Choose large, healthy breeding geese for optimal results. After 70 days of rearing, goslings should weigh over 3 kilograms, have a compact body, well-developed wings, shiny feathers, a broad and round rear, and a straight tail. Breeding geese should have a tall, well-proportioned body, a medium and thick beak, prominent eyes, a slender neck, loud calls, strong legs, wide spacing, and normal reproductive organs.
(b) During the production phase, summer maize, wheat, and bran are primarily used as feed. Each goose receives about 100 grams of feed three times daily, along with 300–500 grams of fresh green material. In autumn, feeding is reduced to just grain, with up to 90 grams of whole bran and wheat bran given daily. During winter and early spring, feeding occurs 3–4 times a day, with controlled portions and free access to food and water. Using rice, corn, and wheat as the main ingredients, while reducing bran content, and adding 300 grams of salt and 1 kilogram of bone meal per 100 kg of feed helps ensure that hens lay eggs in early winter, just in time for the Spring Festival, which is the best season for hatching.
Geese should graze twice a day—once in the morning and once in the afternoon, each session lasting 1–2 hours—to allow sufficient exercise. Geese tend to return to the coop to lay eggs, so grazing areas should be close to the poultry house. If a hen stops eating grass, stretches its neck, or makes unusual noises, it may be showing signs of "nesting behavior." In such cases, the hen should be guided back to the nest, and after a few attempts, it will usually return on its own.
As waterfowl, geese mostly mate in water. Male geese are most active in the morning, so they should be released into water at least four times daily, especially in the morning, to increase the chances of successful fertilization.
(c) During the annual egg-laying stop period, geese typically stop producing eggs by early summer. At this point, their feathers dry out, and the focus shifts to grazing. The diet should be changed from concentrated feed to roughage, encouraging the hens to burn body fat and promote feather shedding. Feeding frequency should gradually decrease to once a day, then every other day, but water must always be available. After 13–15 days, the geese become thinner, and their primary wing and tail feathers appear dry. A test can be conducted by pulling a feather; if it comes out easily without leaving a meaty residue, it's time for artificial plucking. This method speeds up the moulting process, allowing hens to resume egg-laying sooner and produce cleaner, higher-quality eggs.
Feather plucking should be done on a sunny day when the geese are fasting. Hold the goose with one hand, spread its wings with the other, and pull the primary and secondary wing feathers in the direction of growth. Then carefully remove the primary tail feathers. On the following day, keep the geese in a sheltered area for feeding, watering, and rest. Avoid letting them swim in water to prevent infections. After plucking, protect the geese from wind, rain, and direct sunlight due to their weakened state.
After plucking, encourage grazing and monitor feather regrowth. Adjust feeding based on the growth rate of male and female feathers to ensure even regrowth and restore the hens’ laying condition quickly, preparing them for the next cycle of egg production and breeding.
As geese age, hens reach peak egg production within the first 4 to 5 years. Therefore, goslings are typically kept for 4 to 5 years. At the end of each year, non-productive geese should be culled, and only high-yielding individuals are retained for continued breeding.