Broccoli is also known as broccoli and broccoli. It is a famous vegetable introduced from abroad in recent years. It uses fattened and shortened stems and buds as edible parts. Its nutritional value is twice as high as that of white cauliflower and its texture is crisp. Flavor fragrance. Broccoli is suitable for growing in cool and cool climates. The coastal areas of the province can only be cultivated in autumn and winter. In recent years, the county has made full use of the advantages of high altitude, low summer temperatures, and large temperature difference between day and night to carry out summer sowing and off-season cultivation in high-altitude townships (950~1200m) in Chishui and Guiyang. Generally, 10,000~12000kg of products can be harvested per hm2, and are exported to Japan and other countries with high economic returns. Moreover, its short growing period (60 to 70 days after transplanting is completed) is conducive to the development of multi-cultivation cultivation. According to the demonstration and promotion experience of our county in recent years, introduce the cultivation and management techniques of broccoli in summer.

First, choose good seeds, timely sowing

The suitable growth temperature of broccoli is between 16~22°C, and the wide temperature range (5~35°C can grow) during vegetative growth. Generally, the daily average temperature below 25°C is required for flower budding period. (above 30°C), it will cause too fast convulsions, low yield, and poor flower bulb quality. Therefore, the selection of disease-resistant and heat-resistant varieties and scientific scheduling of planting time is the key to success or failure of summer sowing. My county generally chooses Japan, such as Goldman Sachs, Pakistan Green, Pearl Green and other precocious, heat-resistant fine varieties, transplanting to harvest in the 55 to 65 days; 1000 ~ 1200m above sea level in the late June to mid-July planting , 800 ~ 1000m above sea level in the area from mid-July to early August sowing, in order to facilitate harvesting and sales, it is best to be staged sowing, 5 to 7 days broadcast a period. The harvest will be completed from late September to mid-November, and efforts will be made to harvest before the large number of coastal products are listed. This will help increase product prices and create better economic benefits.

Second, nurturing strong seedlings, transplanting at the right age

Cultivation of broccoli in the summer is in the hot and rainy season, and cultivating strong seedlings is the key. We chose nutritious bags or nutritious soils for raising seedlings. The nutrition bag (or soil group) is calculated to be 3300~3500 per 667m2 in Daejeon. The formula is 600~700kg of fertile paddy soil, 30~40kg of husk ash, and 80~100kg of pig cattle barn after decomposed fermentation. Compound fertilizer (preferably N:P:K=21:6:13 with potassium sulfate compound fertilizer) 0.5~1.0kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 3kg, lime powder 2kg, and 15% hymexazol 450 times (or The soil was disinfected with quintozene (nitrochlorobenzene), and the mixture was sealed with a plastic film for about 10 days after stirring. Before sowing, use 8cm10cm seedling bags to fill in the nutrient soil (or print it into a nutrient soil), then sow 1 seed per 1 soil bag (or soil), cover it with sifted fire and soil, and set up a greenhouse. Cover with a shade net with a 65% shade. Seedling stage to strengthen fertilizer management, seedling age 25 to 30 days (4 leaves 1 heart ~ 5 leaves 1 heart) for transplanting.

Third, the selection of deep plowing, Shizu base fertilizer

According to the growth characteristics of broccoli and its requirements for environmental conditions, planting areas should be selected for paddy soils with an altitude of 800m above sea level, deep soil layer, high organic matter content, good irrigation and drainage conditions, and strong water retention and fertility and moderate sand adhesion. Formerly planted cabbage fields. The soils in southern mountainous areas are mostly acidic. About 1 month before planting, 1500~2000kg of lime powder should be applied per hm2, combined with deep-turning whitening, and the deep plowing thickness should be between 30~35cm. The basal fertilizer is applied in full layers 10-15 days before transplanting. 15,000-25,000 kg of fermented pig calf and 2000-3000 kg of vegetation ash are used per hm2 of fermentation; 500-600 kg of ternary compound fertilizer is imported with potassium sulfate, and calcium magnesium phosphate is used. 200~300kg. Broccoli has a large demand for trace elements. Therefore, regardless of whether fertilizer or organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, 30 kg of borax should be applied to each hm2 to meet its growth and development needs.

Fourth, sorghum cultivation, reasonable close planting

Broccoli is a kind of crop that is very warm and afraid of hot, hi wet and fear of immersion. In order to increase the utilization of light energy, increase soil permeability, and improve the microclimate in the field, it is necessary to emphasize the cultivation of sorghum and the rational close planting. In particular, the annual rainfall in southern mountainous areas is 1800~2000mm, and it is more special to adopt deep sorghum cultivation. Generally, the width of the ditch is 1.1~1.2m, the height of the clam is 25~30cm, and the ditch around the ditch and the waist of the Tianzhong are required to be 50~60cm deep, so that the ditch can communicate with each other and be easy to fill and drain. Goldman Sachs, Pakistan Green, Zhulv, etc. are all broccoli early maturing varieties, which are conducive to dense planting. Generally, plant spacing is 50~60cm, row spacing is 35~40cm, and 2800~3200 plants are planted per 667m2. Use nutrient bag seedlings to carefully remove torn nutrition bag, using shallow point transplanting method, hole depth 5 ~ 8cm, species too deep, the stem base is poor ventilation, easy to induce blight.

V. Strengthening field management

1. Reasonably top-dressing broccoli usually takes 4 top dressings. After transplanting and viable, it can be used to fertilize the manure, and can use 10%~15% of dilute human feces and urine; the second and third times are carried out 15~18 days and 25~28 days after transplanting, respectively. Urea 75~ 90kg, potassium chloride 60kg; the fourth time in 37 ~ 40 days after transplanting, this time has entered the rosette stage, is about to bud, is the need for large water and big fertilizer period, it is necessary to timely reappropriate bud fertilizer, to promote rapid bud growth, Each hm2 can be used potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 300 ~ 350kg, in the base 15 ~ 20cm away from the base of the stem deep-applied (have inconvenience to seal the use of pouring facilities), timely application of bauxite after application, and irrigation of wet soil, so that the fertilizer dissolved absorption . In order to promote the robust growth of plants and improve the yield of flower bulbs, double-effect micro-fertilizers, Penshibao, Plant Dynamics 2003 and other foliar fertilizers can be used, and they can be sprayed once at the seedling stage, vigorous growth stage, and budding stage.

2. Science irrigation broccoli should be nursed after transplanting, conditional coverage of shade to improve the survival rate. Appropriate control of water after survival, is advantageous for deep rooting. In the middle and late stages of growth, the amount of water is large, and in summer, the water evaporates quickly. In case of drought, the water should be watered every evening, or once every 3 days or so, to keep the soil moist. The surface should be covered with rice straw or weeds to reduce water evaporation. . At the same time, typhoon torrential rains are frequent from July to September, and it is necessary to clear the gutters in a timely manner to meet the requirement of no rain in the ditch.

3. The cultivating cultivars of broccoli should be cultivated one to two times before closing the line, and no cultivator will be carried out after the line is sealed, but weeds must be removed by hand. After the typhoon storm rains, loosen the soil in time to prevent soil compaction, increase soil permeability, and promote root growth. Loose soil should be dominated by shallow oysters. Be careful not to damage the root system.

Sixth, timely prevention of pests and diseases

1. Bacterial damping-off and damping-off are the main diseases during seedling stage. Blasting disease can be controlled by 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc and 500 times liquid or 64% anti-virus 500 times liquid spray. Bacterial disease can be used 20% chlorhexidine EC 1200 times or 15% Chlortetracycline 450 times, or 70% dexamethasone 1000 times, when the initial seedlings spray control.

2. The three diseases of bacterial soft rot, black rot, and black spot are bacterial diseases, and they are also the main diseases in the off-season cultivation. Flower buds begin to differentiate into susceptible period. In the early stage of disease, 75% of streptomycin for agricultural use is used for 1000 times, or 70% of them can be sprayed to prevent 800 times of spraying. When the disease is severe, they are used alternately every 5 to 7 days. Spray 1 time, continuous medication 2 or 3 times, the disease can be effectively controlled.

3. Pest control mainly includes aphids, Plutella xylostella, Pieris rapae, and Spodoptera exigua, etc. Bio-pesticide Bt500-800 can be used (When the population density is high, a small amount of pyrethroid pesticides can be added, but it cannot be mixed with fungicides). Or use 40% of Loxen 1000 times, 2.5% of 2000 times kungfu Chrysanthemum Emulsion 2000 times, 21% killing fleas 3000 times and other drug spray control.

Seven, timely harvest

The broccoli flower ball grows to 12~15cm. The buds have not been loosened yet. The whole flower bulb remains firm and intact, and it is suitable for harvesting when it is bright green. During the anti-season broccoli harvest, the temperature is relatively high, the harvesting period is short, and the quality of export products is strict. The harvest must be carried out in batches and in a timely manner. It is required to harvest before 9 o'clock in the morning or after 4 o'clock in the afternoon. 4 to 5 pieces were cut down and promptly sent to the point of purchase for processing and refrigeration. After harvesting, Daejeon applied 1500~2000kg of manure to every 667m2 to promote the growth of lateral buds (commonly known as secondary flowers) at the base of axillary buds, which can be harvested continuously for 2~3 times.

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