Fruit replant disease, also known as replantation disease, refers to the repeated planting of the same fruit tree on the same plot, and the growth of the recalcitrant fruit tree is inhibited or the disease is severe, resulting in a low fruit quality and poor quality. At present, most of the fruit growers know that planting fruit trees is not good, but due to business practices, they also want to replant the original tree species in the updated garden film. How to prevent fruit-tree replantation is a common concern for fruit growers. Herein, the author introduces the causes and prevention measures of fruit tree re-disease as follows:
First, the cause of re-diagnosis

1. Toxic substances. For many years of growth and development, the roots of the former pods and fruit trees secrete and release a large amount of metabolites such as phlorizin and phloretin, which are produced by the decomposition of microorganisms in the soil and produce toxic substances. Due to soil compaction and poor ventilation in old orchards, the amount of hydrocyanic acid generated is relatively large and it is easy to inhibit the growth of newly planted sapling roots.

2. Nutritional imbalances. The fruit trees grow in the same place for a long time and continuously absorb certain nutrients in the soil in a selective manner, resulting in unbalanced nutrient elements. The nutrients needed by fruit trees, especially trace elements, are insufficient, and other elements may be surplus, resulting in poor fruit tree growth.

3. Disease and insect damage. In the rhizosphere soil of old fruit trees, there are generally more pathogens such as nematodes, harmful bacteria, fungi, etc., which make the roots of newly planted young trees harmed and show severe rickets.

4. Mycorrhiza reduction. Due to the increase of toxic substances in the old orchard soil, the micro-environment of the soil is destroyed, the beneficial microorganisms are greatly reduced, and the mycorrhizae of the newly planted young trees are greatly reduced, resulting in the weakened growth and absorption capacity.

Second, the prevention and treatment of eyelid

1. Soil treatment

(1) Deep-turning and improving soil. After the old fruit trees are planed, deep ploughing and soil preparation shall be performed to remove the residual roots. When planning, try to avoid the original planting position, and dig and deepen the planting ditch with a depth of about 1 meter. The raw and cooked soils should be opened and exposed to the sun for 2 to 3 months. The exposure time should be 6 to 8 months. . Or, the sun freezes and thaws in the winter, and part of the straw and organic fertilizer are applied in combination with backfill, and all the planting holes and soil are replaced conditionally. The ridge cultivation will be carried out in the plains to increase the living soil layer and facilitate drainage.

(2) Soil disinfection. If the soil can be disinfected before the winter of the previous year, it can also kill harmful microorganisms in the soil and weaken the disease. The soil on the planting hole can be evenly sprayed with 40% formaldehyde 100 times liquid 5 to 10 kg and then covered for 10 days. The soil in the planting hole can also be dug up, then the amount of formalin 37% can be sprayed while filling the soil, and the soil can be covered with a mulch after spraying.

(3) Soil heating. In sunny and dry summer, late spring and early autumn air conditions, the use of plastic film covering the soil, so that the soil temperature rises above 50 °C, can play a role in heating and sterilizing.

2. Add organic fertilizer. Increasing the organic fertilizer can increase the content of soil organic matter, promote the propagation of soil antagonistic bacteria, increase soil porosity, loosen the soil, and improve soil water, fertilizer, gas, and heat conditions. The applied organic fertilizer must be thoroughly fermented and fermented, otherwise it is easy to produce some toxic and soil-borne diseases and other side effects.

3. Reasonable nutritional supplements. Before the conditional planting, soil analysis was performed first, and the fertilization scheme was determined according to the measured contents and the principles of balanced fertilization. There are also data show that: double application of phosphate fertilizer, the effect of prevention and treatment of severe hernia. The increase of phosphate fertilizers in diseased fruit trees and the strengthening of comprehensive management can make their growth flourish. Mushi can apply 200 kg of superphosphate or 50 kg of diammonium phosphate. At the same time, nitrogen and phosphorus were applied to a certain amount of nitrogen fertilizer in a ratio of 1:2, potassium fertilizer was applied in an appropriate amount, and some trace elements were added or supplemented.

4. Guarantee the suitable humidity. For the newly planted saplings, survival can only be guaranteed if sufficient water supply is ensured. When the weather is rainy after planting trees, water should be poured in about 2 weeks. At the same time, it is necessary to loosen soil in time to ensure good ventilation. Pay attention to drainage during the rainy season to prevent damage.

5. Orchard grass grass cover. Grass and grass cover can improve the water, gas, and heat conditions in the rhizosphere of fruit trees and increase soil organic matter content. Before covering the grass, the whole garden is irrigated with water, suitable for cultivating by 1% of the amount of grass covered with urea, shallow mulch, and then cover the grass, the amount of grass should be more than 3000 kg.

6. Inserted as green manure or crop. Plug in the best for 2 years or more, plow at least 2 times per year, soak the soil, and turn the green manure and crushed crop stalks into the soil. Optional peas, soybeans, peanuts, corn and other crops. This is the most effective method commonly used at home and abroad.

7. Use non-toxic seedlings. Due to the strong growth of non-toxic seedlings and strong disease resistance, old orchard renewal can be carried out.

8. Colonization with large seedlings. The seedlings generally have certain adaptability to the soil of the heavy orchard orchard, and the planting of large seedlings in the re-planting garden can basically grow normally, which greatly reduces the weight of the disease. It is best to choose seedlings with seedlings that are older than 2 years, and to maintain a relatively complete root system at the time of seedling raising, and to cut the ground appropriately.

9. Seedling disinfection and hormone dipping. Seedling disinfection generally uses 3 to 5 Baume degree lime sulfur solution to soak the seedlings for 10 to 20 minutes, or use 1,000 times the multi-effect Ling liquid, 1000 times potassium permanganate solution, 100 times Lanthanum water solution to soak the seedlings for 0.5 hours, and then use Rinse the roots with clean water. Hormone impregnated roots are usually soaked in water with a concentration of 1000 ppm naphthylic acid or 100 ppm ABT2 rooting powder for 3 to 5 seconds.

10. Use custom soil. If the old orchard has serious soil problems, deep turning can be carried out in the planting hole, and soil within 0.5 cubic meters within the planting hole can be excavated and removed, and the soil can be replaced with a planting hole, and then the fruit tree can be planted.

Third, the key recommended measures

There seems to be more technology for the prevention and treatment of rickets, but which one should be used? Here, in conjunction with related successful examples, the following three combinations are highlighted:

1. Multiple deep flips + sun exposure. After the old trees are renewed, they can be combined with deep-sweeping net picking roots, and use sunny days to overturn several times, add mulch, and can better kill harmful fungi.

2. Deep application of organic fertilizer + year-by-year expansion of points. Before planting, adequately ferment and mix the organic fertilizer on the bottom of the pit. Later, with the expansion of the crown and the root system, fertilizers will be expanded and expanded on a yearly basis. Some farmers have planted large cherries after the peach trees have been renewed. In the second and third year, the turbid fluid was severe and the tree vigor was weak. However, the normal growth results were quickly restored through timely expansion of fertilization and enhanced management.

3. Rotary rotation + planting large seedlings. Most of the high-level production orchards in foreign countries use large gardens. Therefore, we can also concentrate seedlings on a small piece of raw land after the seedlings are bought, let them grow for 1 to 2 years, and then transplant them to fruit trees that have been inserted into the rim.

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