The main technical points of flue-cured tobacco

To increase the yield and economic benefits per unit area, it is more important to be beneficial to the formation and improvement of tobacco quality. This is the ultimate goal of the application of flue-cured tobacco and the ultimate expression of the quality of flue-cured tobacco products. The quality of tobacco leaves is the combined effect of soil, climate, and human factors (variety, fertilization, etc.). In this system, fertilization is the biggest variable factor. Fertilization first affects the soil environment, and then affects the quality of tobacco leaves. There is an inevitable link between the three. Moreover, the issue of soil and fertilization is an important factor that determines the sustainable and stable development of tobacco production.

First, determine the amount of flue-cured tobacco

1, determine the amount of nitrogen fertilizer

Nitrogen fertilizer plays a significant role in the formation of tobacco leaf yield and output value. In the production, nitrogen fertilizer is often used excessively, and nitrogen fertilizer is used too much. Although the tobacco leaf yield is increased, when the nitrogen application rate exceeds a certain limit, the fertilizer efficiency, ie, the output value per mu minus the cost, is significantly reduced, and the quality of the tobacco leaf is deteriorated. After many years of experiments, intensive cultivation, moderately fertile soil is grown with flue-cured tobacco k326, Yunyan 85, v2, Yunyan 87 and other fertilizer-demanding varieties, and the appropriate nitrogen application rate is generally 7-9 k/mu; The varieties requiring large amount of fertilizer such as Daji and g28 are 4-6 k/mu, of which, red is 4-5 k/mu and g28 is 5-6 k/mu.

2, determine the amount of phosphate fertilizer

The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorous (n:p2o5) can generally be reduced from the previous 1:2 to 1:0.5 to 1.0. Under normal circumstances, such as the application of 12-12-24, 10-10-25, 15-15-15 tobacco compound fertilizer, you do not need to apply ordinary calcium or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; such as the application of tobacco compound fertilizer is Potassium nitrate, the application of calcium or magnesium phosphorus phosphorus per mu 20 ~ 30 k, can meet the needs of flue-cured tobacco production. Phosphate fertilizer can be applied according to the soil analysis results and the compound fertilizer used.

3, determine the amount of potassium fertilizer

From the perspective of potassium application, when the potassium application rate (k2o) reached 20 k/mu or more, the potassium content of tobacco leaves did not increase with the increase of potassium application. In addition, the proportion of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers applied is also closely related to the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. The proportion of potassium fertilizer under low nitrogen levels is higher than that under high nitrogen levels, such as planting safflower Dajinyuan, g28, etc. Variety, nitrogen 4 ~ 6 k / mu, nitrogen and potassium ratio (n: k2o) should be used 1: 2.5 ~ 3.0: If planting k326, Yunyan 85, Yunyan 87, v2 and other varieties, nitrogen 7 ~ 9 k / acre, The ratio of nitrogen to potassium can be 1:2.5 to 3. In short, the amount of potassium per acre can be controlled within the range of 15 to 20 kilograms.

Second, flue-cured tobacco fertilization method

Grasping proper fertilization methods can improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco and fertilizer utilization.

1. Application of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizers

(1) Compound fertilizer and potassium sulphate should be based on the level of groundwater level and fertility, and promote the use of less or no fertilizer (lower soil fertility, less soil fertility, high soil fertility), heavy bar or top dressing (groundwater level) Low levels are heavy, such as ground smoke and mountain smoke; high groundwater levels are top-dressing, such as field smoke. Ground smoke can use 1/3 of the compound fertilizer and potassium sulfate as a strip, 1/3 as a pond fertilizer, and 1/3 as a top dressing 15 to 20 days after transplanting. Tianyan uses 1/3 of compound fertilizer and potassium sulfate as pond fertilizer and 2/3 of top fertilizer.

(2) Precursor calcium or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers are suitable for application, that is, they are uniformly applied to the bottom of soot before treatment, which can improve fertilizer efficiency. In addition, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is a basic fertilizer, and should not be mixed with compound fertilizers or potassium sulfate and other acidic fertilizers to avoid chemical reactions and reduce fertilizer efficiency, and the application of acidic soil better.

(3) To prevent direct contact between the fertilizer and the tobacco plant, ring fertilization can be used to keep the fertilizer and the tobacco plant at a distance of 10-15 m so as not to burn the seedlings. In particular, one-time fertilization of plastic film smoke, but also pay attention to this issue.

2, the application of micronutrients

The amount of trace nutrients in flue-cured tobacco is generally low, but it has a physiological effect that can not be ignored in the growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The application of trace nutrients shall be based on the principle of "what is missing and what is to be supplemented". The cloud-planting soil and tobacco leaf generally lack magnesium and boron deficiency, and partially lack molybdenum and zinc deficiency. The prevention and control methods for these symptoms of deficiency diseases are as follows:

Magnesium deficiency: spray 2-3 times with 0.2-0.5% magnesium sulfate solution or magnesium sulfate 10-15 k/mu

Boron deficiency: spraying with 0.1-0.25% borax solution or mixing with 0.5 kg borax per acre with other fertilizers

Deficient molybdenum: spraying with 0.05-0.1% ammonium molybdate 2 or 3 times.

Zinc Deficiency: Foliar spraying with 0.1 to 0.2% zinc sulfate solution 2 to 3 times.

3, the application of cake fat

The nitrogen content of cakes (mainly rapeseed cakes) is generally 4 to 5%, and the appropriate application rate per mu is 20 to 30 k. Excessive application of cake fertilizer will tend to make the middle and upper leaves mature and the nicotine content further increase.


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