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The main points of feeding and management technology for the production of pollution-free mutton
China's mutton production is shifting from decentralized rearing, individual slaughter and processing and low-quality state to intensive, large-scale rearing, centralized slaughter and processing and high-grade mutton production, in order to further improve the quality of mutton and its products, and increase China's mutton and its products. The competitiveness of domestic and foreign markets is now the basic concept of pollution-free food, the relevant provisions of the state for the management of pollution-free products, and the technical points of pollution-free mutton production. 1 Definition of pollution-free 1.1 Definition of pollution-free agricultural products means that the environment of origin, production process and product quality meet the requirements of the relevant national standards and regulations. Those that have been certified and qualified to obtain certification shall be allowed to use the signs of pollution-free agricultural products, have not been processed or undergo preliminary processing. Edible agricultural products. It is the most basic requirement for food safety. It requires pesticides and fertilizers to remain in excess of the standard, the production environment is non-polluting, and the planting process is safe. The use of pesticides and fertilization is carried out according to regulations, in proportion, and in a planned manner. The scope of product certification is implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture. The AQSIQ National Certification and Accreditation Regulatory Commission jointly determines and adjusts. The certification body shall be certified by the National Certification and Accreditation Regulatory Commission, and be qualified by an accreditation body authorized by the State Certification and Accreditation Regulatory Commission before it can engage in certification activities for pollution-free agricultural products. Non-polluted livestock products can be understood as the following levels of connotation: 1.1.1 The production environment, production process and product quality meet the requirements of relevant national standards and regulations. 1.1.2 Qualified to obtain product certification. 1.1.3 The use of pollution-free agricultural products is allowed. At present, the use of the same symbol for pollution-free farming products, fishery products and livestock products was jointly announced by the Ministry of Agriculture and the National Certification and Accreditation Regulatory Commission on November 25, 2002. 1.1.4 Unprocessed or primary processed animal products. The primary processing mentioned here cannot change the nature of livestock products or add other ingredients. 1.2 The state's management of pollution-free products The state's model for the management of pollution-free livestock products is promoted by the government, and it also implements the working model of origin identification and product certification. The management and quality supervision of pollution-free livestock products throughout the country shall be performed by the agricultural sector, the State Quality Supervision Inspection and Quarantine Department, and the State Certification and Accreditation Regulatory Commission, in accordance with the responsibilities assigned by the “Three Ding†scheme and the relevant provisions of the State Council. jobs. 1.2.1 The declaration of pollution-free animal products Unprocessed or processed edible animal products can be declared as pollution-free food. The State encourages production units and individuals to apply for the identification of the production of pollution-free livestock products and product certification, and to use the national unified pollution-free agricultural product logo. The production environment of pollution-free livestock products shall meet the following conditions: 1 The production environment of the place meets the standard requirements for the production environment of pollution-free livestock products; 2 The scope of the region is clear; 3 It has a certain production scale. The production and management of pollution-free livestock products should meet the following conditions: 1 The production process meets the standard requirements for the production technology of pollution-free livestock products; 2 There are corresponding professional technology and management personnel; 3 There are perfect quality control measures, and there is a complete production and Sales record file. Units or individuals engaged in the production of pollution-free livestock products shall use feed and drugs in strict accordance with regulations. It is forbidden to use feed ingredients and drugs that are banned and eliminated by the country. The production area of ​​pollution-free livestock products shall establish a signboard, indicating the scope, product variety, and the responsible person. The procedures for the certification of pollution-free livestock products are as follows: 1 The applicant submits a written application to the certification body; 2 The certification body completes the examination of the application materials within 15 working days; 3 The certification body dispatches personnel to the environment of origin, regional scope, production scale, Inspect the quality control measures, production plans, standards, and the implementation of the specifications, etc. 4 The organization undertaking the product testing task shall issue a product inspection report based on the test results; 5 The certification body shall receive the on-site inspection report and the product testing report from The non-environmental agricultural product certification certificate shall be issued within 30 working days; 6 The certification organization shall submit a copy of the certification certificate to the Ministry of Agriculture and the National Certification and Accreditation Regulatory Commission for the record within 30 working days after the issuance of the pollution-free agricultural product certification. And the National Certification and Accreditation Regulatory Commission announced. The pollution-free agricultural product certification is valid for 3 years. If it is necessary to continue to use the product after the expiration, it shall go through the prescribed procedure and go through the formalities for the change of the certification certificate to the original pollution-free agricultural product certification institution 90 days before the expiration date. 1.2.2 Range of use of pollution-free agricultural product mark The pollution-free agricultural product mark is a proof mark that is imposed on a product that is certified as a pollution-free agricultural product or on its packaging. 1 The pollution-free agricultural product mark shall be used within the scope and variety of the product identified in the certification certificate; 2 The entity or individual that has obtained the pollution-free agricultural product certification certificate may use the pollution-free agricultural product mark on the product or package specified in the certificate. To prove that the product conforms to the pollution-free agricultural product standard; 3 The pollution-free agricultural product logo printed on the packaging, labels, advertisements and manuals cannot be used as a pollution-free agricultural product; 4 No unit or individual may forge, fraudulently use, transfer, or Buying and selling pollution-free agricultural product origin certification certificate, product certification certificate and logo. 1.2.3 Pollution-free food quality standard system The pollution-free food quality standard system includes legal construction, standard system, inspection and inspection system, certification system, technical research and promotion and information service network system. At present, the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China has formulated 137 standards in terms of production environment, production and processing, and product quality for the production of pollution-free agricultural products. 1.2.4 The scope of supervision and management of pollution-free agricultural products The Ministry of Agriculture, the State Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, the National Certification and Accreditation Administration Committee, and the relevant departments of the State Council organize the production and sale of pollution-free agricultural products and the use of symbols for non-environmental pollution-free agricultural products in accordance with the law. Activities are supervised and managed. The certification body accepts the relevant complaints and appeals. 1 Inspect or require producers and sellers to provide relevant materials; 2 Supervise the identification of origins and products; 3 Check, test, and appraise the use of inspection work, business premises and signs. 1.2.5 Food and animal banned veterinary drugs and other compounds that have been published in China 1. All veterinary drugs and other compounds that are forbidden for use in all uses of food animals are: Beta-stimulants: Clenbuterol, Salbutamol (Salbuamol) ), Cimaterol and its salts, esters and preparations; sex hormones: diethylstilbestrol and its salts, esters and preparations; substances with estrogen-like effects: Zeranol, Trenbolone, Mengestrol Acetate and preparations, chloramphenicol and its salts, esters (including chloramphenicol succinate and preparations, dapsone) Dapsone) and preparations; Nitrofurans: Furazolidone, Furaltadone, Nifurstyrenate sodium and preparations; Nitro compounds: Sodium nitrophenolate, Nifuratel (Nitrovin) and preparations; Hypnosis, sedatives: Methaqualone and preparations 2 The pesticides that are banned from use in aquatic food animals are: Lindane (Propylene) 666) (Lindane), Camahechlor (Chemical Agent), Carbofuran (Carbofuran), Chlordimeform, Double A Amitraz, Antimony potassium tartrate, Tryparsamide, Malachite green (containing antibacterial), Pentachlorophenol sodium (containing molluscicide). 3 For all animals, banned the use of pesticides, a variety of mercury preparations, including: Calomel, Mercurous nitrate, Mercurous acetate, Pyridyl mercuric acetate (Pyriyl mercurous acetate) 4 For all food animals, stimulative drugs that are banned include: Sex hormones: Mehyltestosterone, Testosterone Propionate, Nandrolone Phenylprionate, Estradiol Benzoate and its salts, esters and preparations; Hypnosis, sedation: Chlorpromazine, Diazepam and its salts, esters and preparations; Nitroimidazoles : A Oxazole (Metronidazole that), Dimetridazole (Dimetronidazole) and salts, esters and preparations. (Note: Food animals are all kinds of animals for human consumption or their products for human consumption.) 2 The production of pollution-free mutton produces pollution-free mutton, which should be started from four aspects: feed, feed management, veterinary drugs and immunization. Refer to the current pollution-free food standards. 2.1 The feed produces non-pollution mutton and has specific requirements for feed. First of all, we must use feed ingredients that are free from mildew, deterioration, agglomeration, smell, and odors. The toxic and harmful substances and microbiological contents must not exceed the standards, animal-based feeds other than eggs and dairy products should not be used, and various antibiotics should not be used. Filter residue and illicit drugs. The feed additives must be those specified in the catalog of feed additives allowed by the Ministry of Agriculture and the new feed additives that have obtained the approval number. Secondly, the batching process requires operating specifications, the amount of feed is accurate, and there is no pollution during the production, transportation, and use of feed products. 2.2 Feeding Management 2.2.1 Sheep Farm Environment and Technology The sheep farm environment should fully consider grazing, forage, and feed conditions. The sheep farm should be built in a place with dry terrain, good drainage, ventilation, and easy organization of epidemic prevention. There are no large-scale chemical plants, mining sites, tanneries, meat processing plants, slaughterhouses, or animal husbandry and other pollution sources within a radius of 3 km. The sheep farm is more than one kilometer away from highways, railways, towns, residential areas and public places on main roads, away from high voltage power lines. There are fences or epidemic prevention ditch around the sheep farm and a green belt is established. The sheep farm production area shall be arranged in the downwind or sidewind direction of the main wind direction of the management area, the sheephouse shall be arranged in the upwind direction of the production area, the isolation sheep house, sewage, excrement disposal facilities and diseases, and the dead sheep treatment area shall be set in the main wind direction of the production area. Downwind or sidewind. The net road and the sewage road in the venue are separated and do not cross each other. The sheep house is designed according to gender, age, and growth stage, and feeding and breeding techniques for the stages of feeding and concentration are carried out. No other economical animal should be kept in the breeding area. Sheds should be designed for thermal insulation and the floor and walls should be easily disinfected. It should be well ventilated and well-lit, with toxic and harmful gases in the air. Sheep farms have waste disposal facilities. 2.2.2 Sheep introduction and purchase The introduction of breeding sheep shall strictly comply with Articles 7, 8 and 9 of the “Regulations for the Management of Species of Livestock and Poultry†and conduct quarantine inspections. Purchased sheep must be observed in the isolation area (area) for not less than 15 days. After being certified as healthy by veterinary inspection, they can be transferred to the production group. 2.2.3 Use a reasonable disinfectant for sanitation. Using spray disinfection, using the specified concentrations of hypochlorite, organic iodine mixtures, peracetic acid, and benzalkonium chloride, disinfection of sheep sheds, environmental disinfection with sheep, disinfection of vehicles on and around sheep farm roads, and entry into the field area were conducted. Dip liquid disinfection, with a prescribed concentration of benzalkonium, organic iodine mixture aqueous solution, wash hands, wash work clothes or sterilize the rubber boots. Ultraviolet disinfection, ultraviolet light irradiation at the entrance to the staff for at least 5 minutes. Spray disinfection, disinfect the lime or alkali solution under the sheep house, entrance, delivery room and sheep bed. Disinfection by flames, using blowtorch to place sheep, delivery room, and bred house, which are often accessed by sheep, are fired once a year or two times. Fumigation, fumigation with formaldehyde, etc. on feeding utensils and instruments in a closed room or container. Disinfection system. The environment is sterilized. The surrounding environment of the sheep house is regularly sterilized with 2% caustic soda or lime. Sheep farms and on-site pollution pools, decompression pits, and sewer outlets are sterilized once a month with bleaching powder. Disinfection tanks should be set up at sheep farms and sheep house entrances and disinfectant should be replaced regularly. Personnel were disinfected, and personnel entered the net road and sheep house in the production area. They needed to change their work clothes, work shoes, and ultraviolet radiation for 5 minutes to disinfect and observe the on-site prevention system and walk on the designated route. The sheep house was sterilized. After each batch of sheep was slaughtered, the sheep house was thoroughly cleaned and sprayed, flamed, and fumigated. Appliances are sterilized, and the feeding utensils such as tillers, feed troughs, feed vehicles, and buckets are regularly sterilized. With sheep disinfection, regular disinfection with sheep to reduce the pathogenic microorganisms in the environment. 2.2.4 Management staff of sheep farms should carry out regular health inspections. People with infectious diseases should not engage in feeding operations. Venue veterinarians should not treat the disease of sheep and other animals to the outside, and sheep breeding staff should not carry out sheep breeding work. Prevent other animals from entering the area. Choose highly effective and safe anti-parasitic drugs, and regularly repel insects and medicine baths to deal with adult male rams and ewes regularly bathing feet and hoof repair. The health status of the sheep should be observed regularly and abnormalities should be dealt with promptly. Do not feed mildew and spoilage feed or forage. The fattening sheep are grouped according to the sex and weight, and are fed separately when they are transferred to the breeding process. Population size and stocking density should be appropriate. Clean the sheep house every day to keep the troughs and sinks clean and clean the floor. When using bedding, it should be replaced regularly to keep it clean and hygienic. Regular rodent release of rodenticides, timely collection of dead and residual rat drugs, and should be buried deep processing. Efforts should be made to eliminate the breeding grounds of mosquitoes, flies, etc., and regularly spray disinfectant drugs. 2.2.5 Before transporting sheep for transporting goods, the animal epidemic prevention supervision institution shall conduct quarantine according to GB 16549 "Quarantine Regulations for Producing Areas of Livestock and Poultry" and the relevant regulations of the State, and issue quarantine certificates. Qualified persons may go public or be slaughtered. Transportation vehicles are thoroughly disinfected with disinfectant before and after transportation. During the transit, you should not stop, drink and feed in towns and bazaars. 2.2.6 Diseases and dead sheep treatment The suspect sheep should be observed and diagnosed in isolation. The diseased sheep with useful value should be kept in isolation, treated and completely cured before they can be grouped. For communicable diseases and other diseased goats that need to be put to death, culling should be carried out at the designated place. The corpse shall be disposed of in accordance with the provisions of GB16548 "Procedures for the Harmless Treatment of Livestock and Poultry Diseased Corpses and Their Products". Sheep farms should not sell sick sheep or dead sheep. 2.2.7 Waste Disposal The discharge of pollutants from sheep farms should comply with relevant regulations. And implement the principle of harmless, resource-based treatment. 2.2.8 Data records All sheep on sheep farms should be recorded accurately, reliably, and completely, requiring the introduction, purchase, breeding, lamb production, lactation, weaning, transfer, weight gain, feed consumption records, and herding sources. Sheep pedigree archives and records of major production performance, records of feed, forage sources, formulas, and use of various additives, epidemic prevention records, and out-of-sales records for a minimum of 3 years. 2.3 The use of drugs to give priority to the use of "Veterinary Biological Products of the People's Republic of China Quality Standards", "Veterinary Drug Import Quality Standards" vaccine to prevent sheep disease. It is permissible to use disinfectant prophylactics to sterilize breeding facilities and utensils and to comply with relevant regulations. The use of veterinary Chinese herbal medicines and traditional Chinese medicine preparations for sheep, which are included in the "Chinese People's Veterinary Pharmacopoeia" (Part II) and "The People's Republic of China Specification for Veterinary Drugs" (Part II), are permitted. It is allowed to use micro ecological preparations approved by the national animal husbandry and veterinary administrative department. The use of anti-bacterial and anti-parasitic drugs prescribed by the State is permitted, and strict attention should be paid to observing the prescribed functions and uses, usage, and other precautions and strictly complying with the prescribed withdrawal period. The veterinary drugs used must come from a manufacturer that has a Veterinary Drug Production License and product approval number, or a supplier that has an Imported Veterinary Drug License. The labels of veterinary drugs used must comply with the provisions of the Veterinary Drugs Regulations. Establish and keep records of immunization procedures: establish and keep records of all medications. Treatment records include individual number, onset time and symptoms of the sheep, drug name (commodity name, active ingredient, production unit), route of administration, and dose Courses of treatment, treatment time, etc.; records for preventing or promoting growth of mixed feeding medications include drug names (commodity name, active ingredient, production unit, and batch number), administration dose, and course of treatment. It is forbidden to use veterinary drugs that have not been approved by the national animal husbandry and veterinary administrative department and veterinary drugs that have been eliminated. The use of drugs in the List of Veterinary Drugs and Other Compounds Banned by Food Animals is prohibited. 2.4 The environmental sanitation quality of the immunized sheep farm shall comply with the corresponding requirements. The treatment of sewage and dirt shall comply with the national environmental protection requirements and prevent environmental pollution. The site selection, construction layout, facilities and equipment of the sheep farm should meet the requirements. The sheep house, utensils and their surrounding environment are sterilized on a regular basis. The disinfection method and the use of disinfecting drugs are performed in accordance with the provisions of NY/T5151 “Guidelines for the management of nuisance-free food and meat sheepâ€. Adhering to the principle of self-cultivation and self-cultivation, sheep and embryos/eggs are not introduced from scrapie-like encephalopathy and high-risk countries and regions that have scrapie or high risk. When sheep must be introduced, they should be introduced from non-epidemic areas and have animal quarantine certificates. Sheep must not be exposed to other cloven-hoofed animals during shipment and transportation. Transport vehicles should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. After the sheep were introduced, they were kept in isolation for at least 30 days. During this period, observations and quarantines were conducted, and it was confirmed that they were healthy before they could be reared in groups. When immunization, the local animal husbandry and veterinary administrative department shall formulate an immunization plan for the epidemic disease in accordance with the requirements of the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Animal Epidemic Prevention" and its supporting regulations, in conjunction with the local actual conditions. According to the immunization plan, the sheep farm develops an immunization program for this field and implements it carefully, paying attention to selecting the appropriate vaccine and immunization method. Local animal husbandry and veterinary administrative departments shall formulate epidemic-disease monitoring plans in accordance with the requirements of the “Law of the People's Republic of China on Animal Epidemic Prevention†and its supporting laws and regulations in light of local conditions. By the implementation of the local animal epidemic prevention supervision agencies, sheep farms should actively cooperate with them. Sheep farms should adhere to routine disease surveillance. At the same time, they must pay attention to monitoring the introduction of foreign diseases. They should also select other necessary diseases for monitoring according to the local conditions. According to the actual situation, the local animal epidemic prevention supervision institution shall regularly or irregularly conduct the necessary supervision and random inspection of the sheep farm, and report the spot check results to the local animal husbandry and veterinary administrative department, and if necessary, feed back to the sheep farm. Each group of sheep should have relevant production records, which include: source of sheep, feed consumption, incidence, mortality and cause of death, harmless treatment, laboratory tests and results, medication and immunization Situation, disinfection, sheep delivery destination, etc. All records should be kept properly. When the following diseases occur on sheep farms, the following measures shall be taken in a timely manner in accordance with the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Animal Epidemic Prevention." Immediately, the site shall be sealed off. Resident veterinarians shall make timely diagnosis and report the epidemic to local animal epidemic prevention agencies as soon as possible. When confirming the occurrence of foot-and-mouth disease and peste des petits ruminants, the sheep farm should cooperate with the local animal epidemic prevention supervision agencies to implement strict isolation and culling measures for the sheep. In the case of scrapie, in addition to strict isolation and culling measures for the flock, the parents of the affected sheep need to be tracked. When blue tongue disease occurs, diseased sheep should be culled. If only the serological response shows antibody positive, and no clinical symptoms are present, clearing and purifying measures should be taken. When anthrax occurs, diseased sheep should be incinerated and the possible contamination points must be thoroughly disinfected. When diseases such as Sheep Pox, Brucellosis, Medic/Visna Disease, Goat Arthritis/Encephalitis occur, herds should be subjected to clearing and purification measures. The entire site was thoroughly cleaned and disinfected, and dead or culled sheep were cared for according to GB 16548 "Procedures for Harmless Treatment of Meat Carcasses and Their Products" for harmless treatment.