The Harm of Turf Weeds and Its Control Techniques
Understanding the hazard characteristics of lawn weeds has important guiding significance for taking effective control measures. Grasping the control technology of weeds is the key to determining the success or failure of turf establishment. In particular, the newly-planted turf, if not prevented timely, will seriously affect the quality of the turf, and even lead to the failure of establishment, this article on lawn weeds. The hazard characteristics and their prevention techniques from the establishment of the plant to harvesting seeds throughout the growing period are systematically introduced for reference in production and scientific research. 1 Harmful characteristics of lawn weeds 1.1 Impact on the growth and development of lawns Some early spring weeds such as bitter leeks, leeks, alfalfa, and yang ginseng emerged earlier than turfgrass. When the turfgrass turned green, these weeds were already Leading, turfgrass is at a disadvantage in occupying the growth space. Weeds inhibit the growth of turfgrass by some means, such as the retention of water and nutrients in the underground roots of goosegrass and green foxtail; the deep root system of leeks and oysters continues to expand, occupying the space for underground growth; on the ground of violets and dandelions Partially flattening grows, displacing and obscuring the lawn; barnyardgrass, goosegrass with strong ability to deliver and occupying turf area with growth habits; flat storage roots can secrete some physiological metabolites, inhibit the growth of turfgrass, in short, the weeds infringe Causes the turf to grow slowly or even degenerate. 1.2 The boarding site of the pests and weeds on the lawn is a host site for some pests. For example, during the flowering season of the summer solstice, the plants emit some odors and attract flying insects. Many pathogens and pests use weeds to overwinter and reproduce. The lawn is infested by germs during the growing season. The pests bite on the roots, stems, or leaves of the turfgrass, causing the turfgrass to grow slowly or die. 1.3 Destruction of Environment Beautiful lawn weeds damage the environment and cause degradation of the lawn. Such as: dandelion, the front of the weeds, forming a small area in the lawn, far from seeing the lawn is uneven, destroying the uniformity of the lawn; summer weeds, grasshoppers and other weeds of a strong invasive, once the invasion of the lawn, soon Formation of the colony can also attract pests, and after the completion of its own period of growth, the above-ground plants will die and cause alopecia areata. 1.4 Impact on human safety Turf is the place where humans relax. Once the weeds are poisoned, it will threaten personal safety and cause injuries and induced diseases. For example, imperata and Stipa will threaten personal safety, cause trauma and induce disease. For example, the stalks of Imperata cylindrica and Stipa have physical damage to humans and can easily frustrate human skin; ragweed can cause allergies in the respiratory organs and lead to the onset of asthma. 2 Lawn weed control techniques 2.1 Physical control techniques 2.1.1 When seed quarantine turf seeds are circulated in different countries and regions, strict quarantine is required to avoid purchasing and using turfgrass seeds that carry weed seeds. 2.1.2 Soil treatment Remove stalks and other debris from the turf-building plots, combined with deep-sloped soil preparation in spring and autumn, so that weed seeds can be buried deep in the ground, which can inhibit weed initiation. 2.1.3 Planting and controlling weeds Seed propagation: When sowing and cultivating the lawn, sowing season should try to avoid the season conducive to the germination of weed seeds. For example, the cold-season turfgrass is sown better in the summer and autumn than in the spring, because the seeds of the lawn are suitable for germination in summer and autumn so as to avoid competition with weeds. In addition, if the covering material used for sowing is grass curtains, crop straws, etc., care should be taken not to bring in weed seeds, which has an adverse effect on the establishment of turfgrass. Asexual reproduction: there are many methods of asexual reproduction, such as straight turf rolls, plug planting, litchi broadcast and so on. When vegetative propagation is used to establish turfgrass, post-build management should be strengthened, such as timely fertilization, watering, etc., so that turfgrass can shorten the recovery time and build the lawn as soon as possible. Seed coating technology: coating the lawn seeds with a seed coating agent that can adjust the germination time of the lawn seeds. For example, a seed coating agent that promotes the germination of turf seeds may be selected so that the turfgrass grows on the ground before the weeds occupy the growth advantage, and the seed coating agent that delays the germination of the turfgrass may also be used. After the weeds grow to the ground, the chemical is used. Weeding herbicides can also achieve good results. 2.1.4 Management after landing After the establishment of the plantation, pay attention to reasonable watering, fertilizing, pruning, and vacancies in a timely manner to supplement planting, enhance the competitiveness of turfgrass and weeds, and inhibit the growth of weeds. 2.1.5 Seed Harvest As a lawn for breeding, avoid weed seeds as much as possible during harvest. 2.2 Chemical Control Technology The use of chemical herbicides is a fast and effective method to control weeds, including soil, seed, and chemical weeding in the growing season of the lawn. 2.2.1 Treatment of Soils Before sowing or vegetative propagation of turfgrass, all herbicides shall be applied to the soil and the time for establishment of the turf shall be determined according to the residual period of the herbicide. 2.2.2 Seed coating technology To prevent the damage of phytotoxic herbicides to lawn seeds, it can be coated with activated carbon before sowing, eliminating the effect of herbicide residual period, or directly using herbicide as coating material is simple and easy. It also reduces environmental pollution. 2.2.3 Chemical weeding in the turfgrass season There are many herbicides used in the growing season. Such as: 2,4-D, broadleaf Jin is a commonly used herbicide for broadleaf weeds; Dioxime can effectively control grass weeds on white clover lawns, use chemical herbicides should be based on economic and effective in principle. Lawn weeds are a major obstacle to the development of the turfgrass industry in China and even the entire world. At present, the prevention and control of lawn weeds is still dominated by physical control in our country, but when the physical control of weeds is costly, the cost is high. An effective way to solve this problem is chemical weeding, but domestic research and application are at the initial stage, and problems such as the harm caused by drugs or low control efficiency are very common. In order to obtain high-quality lawns, we must learn from the advanced experience of foreign countries, but we should also base ourselves on our own reality and strive to find a cost-effective way to control weeds. In addition to the above-mentioned physical and chemical methods for controlling weeds, we should select turf seeds with excellent resistance to stress, rapid reproduction, and strong tillering power when introduced so as to play a dominant role in competition with weeds. The inhibition of grass growth is effective.