Pepper Spring Protected Cultivation Techniques
In recent years, the planting area of ​​peppers has been continuously increasing, especially in protected areas, and the farmers have achieved remarkable economic benefits. However, many problems have arisen due to improper technology in many places. To this end, we introduce the techniques for pepper cultivation in spring. I. Variety Selection In the early spring, the cultivation of peppers in protective areas should be based on the selection of fruit set, high yield, and strong adaptability. The current selection is for the Zhongyan No.8, Zhongyan No.4, and Shem Pepper 1 cultivated by the Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. No. is appropriate. Zhongyan No. 8 is a mid-season hot pepper variety. The fruit has a thick horn shape. The pepper fruit is 25-28cm long, and the single fruit weight is about 60g. The spicy taste is moderate and the fruit set rate is very high. The yield per unit can reach 75,000 kg/hm2. Shemjiao No. 1 is a medium-early-maturing pepper variety, with slightly spicy taste, high resistance to virus disease, and the fruit has a rough horn shape. The pepper fruit is 13-16cm in length, and the single fruit weight is about 80g. The maximum single fruit weight can reach 160g, and the yield is 82,500kg/kg. Above hm2. Second, timely sowing, nurturing strong seedlings in the spring of the protection of pepper cultivation, should be planted in early November in the beginning of seedlings. Seedlings of the seedlings are fully developed, 1-2 true leaves appear after seedlings, and seedlings can be divided into nutritious soil blocks or plastic nutrient bowls. During the overwintering period, the seedlings should be strengthened with heat insulation and cold-proof work to ensure that the seedlings will safely pass winter. After the beginning of spring, it is necessary to pay attention to proper release of air and timely hardening of seedlings to prevent leggy growers. Third, the colonization time for planting ordinary greenhouses is in early March. Before planting, it is necessary to finely prepare the soil and apply the base fertilizer. It is appropriate to use 30m3 chicken manure and 600kg compound fertilizer per hm2. After well-grounding, the ridges are ridged at a distance of 100 cm in the shed, and after the ridges are well covered, the mulch is covered with two rows of ridges each with a plant spacing of 35 cm and the number of plants is about 60,000 plants/hm2. The land with good fertility conditions can relax the ridge distance to 120cm and the number of plants is 45,000 plants/hm2. Immediately after planting water, in order to ease the seedlings. 4. After the management of the greenhouses, the greenhouses will be dominated by insulation and the amount of air in the greenhouses will be small to promote seedling rooting and strive for early seedlings. After easing the seedlings, timely cultivating and weeding are performed to promote seedling growth. Seedlings appear 3-4 branches, the growth is accelerated, the plants are easy to grow in length. At this time, the amount of ventilation should be increased so that the daytime temperature of the sheds can be kept at 25-30°C (the maximum temperature should not exceed 35°C) and kept at 15 at night. -18°C, the relative humidity in the shed is kept above 80%. After the plant enters a vigorous growth period, all the branches below the door pepper must be promptly destroyed in order to facilitate the full development of the main branch and promote a large number of main branches. Fifth, fertilization, watering on the basis of the application of base fertilizer, seedlings are generally no longer top-dressing. After waiting for the pepper and the pepper to sit and fruit and begin to inflate, combine a small amount of fast-acting n-fertilizer with water, and apply 225-300kg of urea per hm2. Every time after harvesting twice, top dressing is performed once. Pepper bogey water flood irrigation, the number of watering can not be too much, in its growth period to see dry see wet, not see the ground dry water, in order to enhance the permeability of the soil and promote root development. 6. Diseases and Insect Pests Diseases and insect pests in peppers mainly include viral diseases, anthrax, epidemics, damping-off, and roundworms. Viruses in pepper in spring greenhouses generally do not occur, so no control is necessary. Prevention and treatment of scab and anthrax should pay attention to strengthening ventilation and controlling watering. Under normal circumstances, do not spray medicine. If necessary, spray 1-2 times of anti-virus maggots; control of the disease is mainly to control watering and avoid water accumulation in the fields. The control effect of this disease agent is unsatisfactory; for the aphids, dimethoate and one-off net can be used for prevention and control; for the prevention and control of tobacco budworms, insecticides should be sprayed every 5-7 days from the flowering stage. 7. Harvesting In order to avoid premature fruit fall, it is necessary to pay attention to timely harvesting. Since the requirements for maturity of fresh peppers are not very strict, so long as the fruit is fully expanded, the fruit surface has a certain degree of gloss can be harvested, and a small amount of water is poured in time after harvest.