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Marigold planting technology
Marigold, alias stinky hibiscus, honeycomb chrysanthemum, stinky chrysanthemum. For Compositae, marigold is an annual herbaceous plant originally produced in Mexico. Its flowers and leaves are used as medicines to clear away heat and phlegm, and to improve blood circulation. The industry mainly uses its flowers as a raw material for extracting yellow pigments and is widely used. Food and beverage processing and other industries. At present, this natural pigment is mainly exported to South Korea and Japan. It is in short supply in the international market and the production prospects are considerable. Cultivation techniques 1. According to the Luobei County's long winter time, spring warming night, and the lack of accumulative temperature in the whole year, we should promote the use of beds in the fall and complete the production of seedbeds and seedling sheds before they are frozen. Daejeon planted 1 hectare of seedbed area of ​​200-300 square meters, if any of the planting process can be reduced to 80 square meters. The humus soil with high organic matter content was selected as the bed soil. It is banned to sifted on land plots with long residual herbicides such as clomazone, chlorsulfuron, puproxil, atrazine, etc., and humus and decomposed pig manure. Bed soil preparation generally uses 1 humus soil 50% + mature pig manure 30% + river sand 20%, 2 humus soil 50% + garden soil 25% + river sand 25%. In order to make effective use of accumulated temperature in the early spring and facilitate operations, a large shed should be built. The membrane time should be around March 10 so as to warm up the soil. 2, before the bed soil disinfection button membrane per square meter with 50% carbendazim seedlings or 70% with 4 grams of enemy pine 4 times to dilute 100 times, evenly sprayed on the bed surface and immediately affixed with plastic film seal 2-3 After the film was removed. 3. Seed treatment seed germination rate of 95%, the degree of clarity of more than 98% of seeds used per acre 25-30 grams. Before sowing, soak the seeds with 50% carbendazim 250 times for 10 to 15 minutes to disinfect the seeds, then soak in warm water at 25°C for 6-8 hours, remove and dry 10-15 times fine sand for broadcast. 4. Insect and rodent prevention and control The underground pests were evenly mixed with furandan granules in the seedbed soil, or sprayed with a 50% phoxim emulsion 1000 times. With 80% chlorine enemy mouse sodium salt, Dalong and other agents to prevent rat damage. Second, nursery techniques 1, nursery period generally 40-50 days before transplanting seedlings. From April 8 to 10, the seedling age must reach 40 days before transplanting. 2, sowing method first seedbed soaked in bottom water, after infiltration, and then fill the bed with fine soil, the seeds evenly sprinkled on the bed after treatment, and then covered with fine soil, not to reveal the seeds is appropriate. After sowing, the surface of the bed is covered with a plastic film to increase the temperature and moisturize the soil. 3, seedbed management from sowing to emergence, the seedling shed temperature is maintained at 25-30 °C, seedling height 4-6cm, the temperature should be maintained at 20-25 °C, the temperature is too high easily seedlings, should pay attention to ventilation and cooling. Gradually transition to the same external environment before transplanting. After sowing, the seedlings are generally not watered, and the seedlings must be properly replenished afterwards. Water can not be watered for 7 days before transplantation to prevent leggy. 4. The fertilized seedlings grow to 2-3 pairs of true leaves after extra-root dressing, 10 m2 seedlings with diammonium 30-50 g, watered with 10 kg watered, rinsed with water after pouring, and 0.2% phosphoric acid can also be used. Potassium hydrogen foliar spray can also use some plant growth regulators such as Huimanfeng, Fuer 655, Zhuangxuehe, rooting powder and so on. Appetite seedlings should be sprayed 200ppm of chlormequat, so that the leaves turn green, thick stems, internodes shorter, avoid topdressing urea, ammonium nitrate and other nitrogen. 3. Transplanting techniques 1. The plots were selected for plots with no internal pollen, convenient irrigation and irrigating, and sunny days, high organic matter content, and sand plots, and land plots with long-lasting herbicides. 2. Transplanting time generally starts transplanting on May 20. Before the end of May 28, transplanting seedling height 12-18cm, 3-4 pairs of leaves is better. 3. Soil fertigation combined with soil preparation applies 30 cubic meters of organic fertilizer per hectare, 300 kg of diammonium and 100 kg of potash. Promote the fall of the ground to fight. 4, Transplanting technology Before the day of transplanting, the bottom water is soaked to facilitate the raising of seedlings, using 65-70cm. The water is planted in the Yongchong hole. To prevent the underground pests from adding appropriate amounts of phoxim in the water, the plant spacing is 35-40cm. 2600-3000 strains. Fourth, field management 1, check field Tianmiao seedlings after transplanting to timely check field fill seedlings to ensure that the whole seedlings. 2. After the cultivating and weeding and cultivating soil to survive, weeding and loosing soil should be done in time to prevent compaction. When the plant height is 20-25cm, picking up the heart in a flat top and raising the soil in advance, it is advisable to not bury the first branch. This measure makes sense in preventing late lodging. 3. Topdressing can be applied to foliar dressings throughout the growing season. In particular, after spraying, Huimanfeng or KH2PO4 is sprayed once every day. Tianli熬 Hefei is used to satisfy the nutrient supply and strengthen disease resistance. Promote the early maturity of flowers and increase the number of flowers collected. V. Pest control 1. Insect pests The underground pests are mainly earthworms and cockroaches. Each acre is treated with 3% carbofuran or 5% megam phosphate granules and transplanted into the soil in combination with granules. The spider mites and aphids can be used in 1.8% of the soil. Insect moth and Sukhoi prevention. 2. Diseases Diseases of marigold flowers mainly include blight, spot blight, and root rot. It is necessary to adhere to the principle of prevention as priority and emphasis on governance to prevent and treat disease in due course. In particular, a fungicide should be applied during the flower bud period (before chemical development). Sixth, timely harvesting 1, the process of mature petals from flower buds from outside to inside out of order, when the petals are all formed when the flower ball is ripe for the process. 2. Harvest time and acquisition criteria Generally, the harvest period is from July 10 to September 25. The standard is that all the petals are in full bloom, and the stamen of the flower core is partially open or not open. When it is mature at 1989, the output is relatively high. When harvested, the flowers are free from water, no mold, and the length of pedicels does not exceed 1cm. They are sent to the flower plant immediately after harvest. 3, three does not adopt the rainy weather that is not taken, with dew does not pick, immature not mining; daily picking time 9-17, the two picking interval is generally not less than 7 days. (Heilongjiang Province Luobei County Agricultural Technology Extension Center Xia Daliang Si Zhenfeng Zhu Yuqin Wang Feng)