Hawthorn preservation technology

Hawthorn has good resistance to storage, but there are still two problems to be solved during storage: First, the fruit is very susceptible to water loss and wilting; secondly, it is susceptible to fungal infection and causes massive decay. Therefore, hawthorn storage should pay attention to the following issues. (1) Variety and cultivation requirements 1. Varieties of Hawthorn have more breeds and strains, and the cultivation area is wider. Therefore, it is necessary to select the storage-resistant species cultivated in large areas. 2. Regional and climatic influences Hawthorn is widely distributed in China, and the hawthorn produced in northern regions with higher latitudes and colder regions is generally more resistant to storage than southern hawthorn varieties produced at lower latitudes. For example, in Liaoning, Beijing, and Shandong, many varieties of real estate are more resistant to storage than hawthorn varieties such as Henan and Hubei, while hawthorn produced in Yunnan is the most resistant to storage. 3. Influence of the picking period (maturity) The determination of picking time of the hawthorn often takes into account the needs, uses, and storage resistance of the market. Generally used for long-term storage of hawthorn, harvesting period can be appropriate in advance, for the sale and processing of hawthorn, it should be appropriate late harvest, its flavor, yield will be increased accordingly. However, for the storage of hawthorn, picking too late, a large number of hawthorn fruit drop, increased mechanical damage, the fruit soon after harvesting, aging, softening, rotting increased, decreased resistance to possession. If harvesting is too early, it will lead to lack of inherent flavor such as fruit color, aroma, and taste, affecting yield and quality. At the same time, fruit loss caused by postharvest losses is severe and there is a lot of wilting, which reduces the resistance to storage. In general, when the peel becomes red and fruit flour or wax appears on the fruit surface, it can be picked. It is advisable to pick mornings to minimize mechanical injuries. After harvesting, it should be placed in the cool place for 1 day to 2 days with loose heaps, etc., dissipate field heat, or directly enter the cold storage at 0°C. (B) storage conditions 1. Temperature requirements -1 °C ~ 0 °C; 2. Humidity requirements of 85% to 95%; 3. Atmosphere index oxygen 3% ~ 5%, carbon dioxide 3% ~ 5%; 4. Storage period 3 - 7 months. (III) Storage and Fresh-keeping Techniques and Management Measures The storage methods of hawthorn are numerous, and creating the suitable temperature, humidity and gas conditions in the hawthorn storage environment is the key to prolonging the storage life. From the principles of “low temperature, heat protection, moisturizing, and ventilation”, all regions have accumulated a lot of valuable experience and effective storage methods. 1. Easy Storage (1) Gully: This method is widely used in Shandong, Hebei and other places. First of all, we must choose a place where the terrain is flat and dry, leeward and sunny, not easy to accumulate water, and where traffic is convenient. The direction of the ditch is preferably north-south. Generally, the width of the ditch is 100 centimeters to 120 centimeters, the ditch depth is 50 centimeters to 60 centimeters, and the lower width is 70 centimeters to 80 centimeters. The ditch length is determined by the storage amount and the topography. The bottom of the ditch should be flat. Thick wet sand with a thickness of 10 cm to 15 cm is spread flat and compacted. Then the selected hawthorn was stacked on it. Each layer was 40 centimeters to 50 centimeters thick. The top of the pile was ridge-like. Then it gradually sank into a flat shape. Grass or curtains should be covered during the day before storage, and heat should be removed at night. The latter part is mainly antifreeze. When there are more than two fingers deep in the area, the top must be covered with hay and leaves to prevent the cold. Afterwards, the soil is gradually added to the temperature and the thickness is 30 cm to 40 cm. Dig a small drainage ditch on both sides of the ditch. This method is simple, low cost, and can be stored until the next year. In some areas, there are ditch and sand mountains and their specifications are the same as before. It's just that the effect is different. Put a layer of fruit and cover it with a layer of wet sand until it reaches the top. The leaves are placed on the walls and top of the ditch to separate the fruit from the soil. Other methods are the same. The Funing Mountainous Region in Hebei Province uses this method to store mountain ridges and to clear the Ming dynasty even to the valley rain. (2) Burial method: also called pit method. Pick back the sun to dig pits, the pit is about 100 cm deep, 70 cm in diameter, and the bottom of the pit is covered with a layer of 15 cm to 20 cm of fine sand, then the selected fruit is piled into the pit, and the height is 50 cm to 60 cm. 15 centimeters to 20 centimeters fine sand, finally covered with mound. It begins to be buried in mid-to-late October. This method does not require management. With the use of digging, it can be stored until the following spring. (3) Cellaring: This is the most common method used in northern China. Select high-pitched terrain, low groundwater level, air circulation, and solid soil at the cellar. The entrance into the cellar is best during the mid-to-late November when the weather turns cold. The packaging containers can be baskets, baskets, or boxes. When there is a palletizer, there should be a cushion between the bottom and the floor, and be careful to leave a certain amount of space for ventilation. Can be stored until the following year in April, if carefully managed, the storage period can be postponed. (4) Cylinder method: This method is used for small storage in the family. Wash the cylinder thoroughly and put it in a cool and cool room. Place a tile basin in the bottom of the tank. Set up 4 to 5 stalks of straw in the basin for ventilation and then place the selected hawthorn fruit in the cylinder. Inside, place it 15 centimeters from the edge of the cylinder, and put a layer of straw or leaves or leaves on it. When the weather turns cold (about November), seal the cylinder mouth again with kraft paper or paste. 2. Ventilation and Cold Storage When storing large amounts of hawthorn, ventilation and cold storage are generally used. The technical point is to make full use of natural cooling sources or mechanical refrigeration to create suitable storage conditions. Among them, the ventilated storage should pay attention to reduce the temperature as soon as possible in the early stage; cold storage should maintain stable and appropriate storage temperature and reduce temperature fluctuations. At the same time, we must strengthen ventilation management and increase the humidity of the storage environment.

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