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Five greenhouse vegetable cultivation models
In recent years, the cultivation of vegetables in protected areas has developed rapidly, and the economic benefits have been declining year by year. To improve the economic benefits of greenhouse cultivation, it is necessary to increase the number of cornices and increase the total output of anti-season vegetables per unit area. In response to this problem, in the past four years, the intercropping experiment was conducted in this field and successfully summarized five greenhouse cropping and five cropping intercropping practices for the greenhouse, which is the time from early rice harvest in late July to the second year of late rice transplanting. The interplanting can be used for interplanting early autumn cabbage - autumn tomato - late autumn tomato - winter and spring cucumber - spring and summer loofah, the annual mu output value up to 30,000 yuan, is 2-3 times the conventional cultivation benefits. This technology model can be harvested five times a year and five harvests, and each crop is off-season, and the yield per crop is the same as that of monoculture, and the social and economic benefits are outstanding. The technical model is described in detail as follows: First, greenhouse structure and site preparation to do 畦 1, greenhouse structure: This model is best to select the cultivation of greenhouses from north to south, so that the crop light uniformity. The width is required to be more than 10 meters and the height is about 3 meters. The shelf is 1.8 meters above the ground and the second floor is used. The greenhouse is covered with four membranes, namely a greenhouse membrane, two membranes (about 30 centimeters away from the greenhouse membrane), three membranes (straight 1.8 meters above the ground) and a plastic membrane, so that it can keep tomatoes and cucumbers safe for winter. 2. Soil preparation: After harvesting, the early rice ploughs the soil more than 30 cm in depth, Mushi decomposes more than 7,000 kg of organic fertilizer, 70 kg of superphosphate, 75 kg of compound fertilizer, and then plows the soil to make rakes. Even ditch) 1.8 meters. II. Arrangement and Planting Modes In order to prevent the impact of the typhoon during the summer and autumn rains, a sturdy shed should be placed on the nursery and covered with a multi-functional greenhouse membrane. 1, early autumn cabbage: sowing in late June, when the seedlings with a true leaf can be planted into the nursery, the seedling age of about one month can be planted. Brassica oleracea was planted on the east side of the plant, with a spacing of 30 cm and a spacing of 40 cm. Harvesting was completed from late September to early October. 2, early autumn tomato: July 20 sowing, seedlings when the two leaves can be falsely planted into the nursery locust, 5-6 true leaves can be colonized in the side of the cabbage, single colonization, plant spacing 20 cm, in early December mining Completed. 3, autumn delay tomato: sowing in late August, seedlings leave the two leaves when planted into the locust, in early October after the harvest cabbage harvested in time, row spacing 30 cm, spacing 40 cm (row spacing with the early autumn cabbage), February Harvesting is completed in the end of the year. 4. Cucumbers in winter and spring: In early November, germinating seedlings were broadcast live. In mid-December, a 20-cm ditch was opened at a distance of 20 cm from the autumn tomato plant, and the original 1.3-meter mound was divided into two small clams. Then the cucumber was planted. Colonization was conducted in a single row with a spacing of 20 cm. Harvesting was completed in late April. 5, spring and summer loofah: In early January germination seedlings shoot live, fall in late February after the harvest can be planted after the completion of the harvest. Colonization was done in a single row, with a distance of 35 cm from each point, and two plants per hole were collected until late rice transplanting. Third, field management 1, early autumn cabbage 1 fertilizer and water management: after planting, the surface covered with straw, cover to see no mud prevail, this can be cooling, moisturizing, weeding, anti-rain erosion and so on. Continuous watering 2-3 times after planting to promote survival, the first time after the establishment of slow-onset seedlings fertilizer, mu urea 7.5 kg pouring. The fertilizer is applied once every 12 days or so, and 10 kg of urea and 10 kg of compound fertilizer are applied per mu. After the mid-balloon period, the top dressing was stopped. During the whole growth period, the soil was kept moist, and the fertilizer and water could be drip-irrigated by laying down the dropper. 2 Pest Control: Pests mainly include Pieris rapae, Plutella xylostella, Brassica juncea, Aphid, which can be used for prevention and treatment such as Le Siben, Suppressor, Ruixin, deltamethrin, dichlorvos, trichlorfon, and once-over net. Pay attention to the complete re-treatment in the beginning of the ball, the main diseases are virus disease, black rot, downy mildew, etc., can be used virus K, streptomycin, neomycin, cough, pine, Zinc, Dasheng, Rui poison Mold and other control. 2, early autumn tomato 1 fertilizer water management: after planting watering 2-3 consecutive times to promote survival, after the slow seedling topdressing compound fertilizer 5 kg. At the same time digging 20 cm beside the tomato, Mushi compound fertilizer 30 kilograms, superphosphate 25 kilograms after covering the soil. The second topdressing was carried out when the first fruit began to swell. Mushi 5 kg urea plus compound fertilizer 10 kg, the third top dressing in the 2-3 stalls fruit quickly expanded, topdressing urea 15 kg, plus superphosphate 20 Kilograms, followed by 15 kg of compound fertilizer every other month. In the middle and late stages of tomato growth, 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2%-0.3% urea can be used for extra-root dressing. The tomato needs a large amount of water during the expansion period. In order to keep the soil moist, dry weather should be dripped once a day in the evening. . 2 Pruning pruning and fruit protection: 10 days after the transplanting, the tomato is inserted into the bamboo frame and the single row is divided into two rows on both sides. The tomato adopts one half and half pruning, the main branch leaves the third grade fruit, and the side stick leaves the second grade fruit. Leave two leaves to the top. After the plants bloomed, they were sprayed with fruit to protect the fruit. During the growth period, excess axillary bud side branches should be removed, old base leaves, yellow leaves, and diseased leaves should be removed to improve ventilation and light transmission. 3 Pest control: Diseases mainly include viral diseases, early blight, and citrus disease. Available virus K, mycotoxin, mothionine, Dasheng, anti-virus, Lei Duomier, streptomycin, can kill and other control. Insect pests mainly include aphids and bollworms, which can be used to prevent and control networm, insecticide, deltamethrin, and dichlorvos. Pest and disease control should master the principle of early elimination. 3, autumn after the basic management of tomatoes with early autumn tomatoes. Pay attention to the early fall of the tomato in the second line in October to close the double line, and remove the old leaves of the disease, reduce the impact of autumn tomatoes on the postponed tomato light, improve the ventilation and light after the fall of the tomato. 4. Cucumber fertilizer and water management in winter and spring: Before transplanting, apply basal fertilization, 25 kg of compound fertilizer in Mushi, 15 kg of potassium chloride, 35 kg of superphosphate, put a dropper on the surface of the plant, and then lay the plastic film. Single colonization, spacing 20 cm. Cucumber slow seedling topdressing urea fertilizer 7.5 kg. Cucumber grows fast, and the supply of fertilizer and water must be timely. It should be applied thinly. The fertilizer and water can be poured through the dropper. The harvesting period is generally top dressing once every 10 days, and each application of 7 kg of urea plus 7 kg of compound fertilizer. In the middle and later stages of cucumber growth, extra urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be used for extra-root fertilizer. Wet soil should be maintained throughout the growing season. 2 Plant adjustment: Hang vines with nylon or plastic ropes. The single plants hang in two rows and become "V" shaped. When the plant grows to 170 cm in height, it is topped in time and the top vines can leave 2 leaves of a melon topping, and the lower leaves, diseased leaves and yellow leaves are removed. 3 Insulation measures: January-February is the coldest month of the year, with two membranes and three membranes at night, and three membranes during the day. This will keep cucumbers and tomatoes safe for winter. 4 Pest Control: Cucumber diseases mainly include downy mildew, epidemic disease, powdery mildew, gray mold, and wilt disease. Pulike, Kelu, anti-virus, triadimefon, thiophanate-methyl, quick keratin, virginewin, ash can be used. Fungal, carbendazim, DT fungicides and other control, insect pests are mainly locusts, whitefly, quail, etc., can be used once again net, scorpion net, bufalin, music, chlorpromazine, chlorpyrifos and other control . As far as the disease is concerned, it should be protected against disease early. In the early and mid-term, it should be sprayed once every 10 to 15 days, and once every 7 to 10 days in the middle and later stages. 5, loofah 1 fertilizer and water management: After the autumn delay, after the tomato pull the whole plantation membrane mulching colonization. After planting, the management of fertilizer and water before fruit setting is mainly controlled, and 10 kg of compound fertilizer can be applied after ranching. After flowering and fruiting, topdressing once-expanding melon fertilizer, Mushi urea 10 kg plus compound fertilizer 15 kg, after entering the harvest period every 15 days or so top dressing, mu urea 10 kg plus compound fertilizer 10 kg, while maintaining the ground to see the wet. (Note that after the cucumber is pulled, the soil of the cucumber is close to the loofah, which means that the two narrow constrictions are merged into a wide loquat to grow the roots of the loofah.) 2 Whole vine vines: Hang the vines with a rope, and spread the vines evenly on the shelves. , timely removal of all side vines and diseased old leaves and malformed flowers and fruits, in order to facilitate the concentration of nutrients, promote melon hypertrophy. 3 Baohuabaoguo: Loofah has low temperature in the early stage of growth and less male flowers. Usually artificial pollination method is adopted, and it is also possible to spray and preserve fruits with the help of the guarana and Shiyixiao. To increase the previous production. Artificial pollination and spraying should be carried out at 6-10 in the morning. 4Pest and disease control: Loofah diseases mainly include downy mildew and gray mold. Pests mainly include melons, thrips, and aphids. They can be used to prevent and control Taibao, sharp rivals, once-in-a-net, and insect-phoenies.