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Cultivation techniques of big leaf holly
Large-leaved holly, Holly ilex, evergreen tree, trunk straight, lush foliage, beautiful tree shape, like Magnolia grandiflora. The leaves, flowers, and fruits have a rich hue. The germinating young shoots and new leaves are purple-red. The normal growing leaves are blue-green and the old leaves are dark green. The flower in May is yellow, the fruit in autumn turns from yellow to orange, and the fruiting period is long. It is very beautiful and has high ornamental value. It is adaptable, more cold-tolerant, shade-tolerant, strong sprouting, rapid growth, less pests and diseases, is the city's ideal "third generation of green tree species." At the same time, its leaves are also important plant resources for making Kuding tea, and it is an excellent health-care medicinal tree. This species is native to the south of China and has a warm and moist soil, comfortable cool environment and deep loose soil. Young age shade, need a certain side shade. Seed dormancy period up to 3 years, seedling growth slower. Generally after entering the fast-growing stage after the third instar, the annual increase in tree height can reach 50-110 cm. There are 2 growth peaks in 1 year, which occur in April and July-August respectively. The characteristics of secondary shoots provide conditions for the production of Kudingcha from fresh leaves. Due to the poor cold resistance of the seedlings in the current year, it is necessary to prevent the temperature from -3 to -4°C in winter. 2-year-old seedlings can adapt to the natural low temperature of -5 to -7°C. 5-year-old saplings can adapt to low temperatures of -10°C. The above characteristics are suitable for cultivation in most areas of our province. The specific cultivation measures are as follows: 1. Nursery 1. Seed treatment: Since the dormancy period lasts for 3 years, the seeds need to be stored in wet sand for 1-1.5 years, and the temperature should be changed. Soak in warm water of 40°C for 12 hours, treat at a low temperature of 5°C for 24 hours, then soak in warm water of 40°C for 10 hours, soak for 20-30 minutes with 0.3% potassium permanganate solution, and remove with a clear water bubble. 8- 10 hours, germination in the sand bed. After about three months, the seeds germinate one after another. In this method, seeds can germinate 9-12 months in advance, and the germination rate is about 30%. 2, transplanting sprouts. When the seedlings are 1.5 cm tall and the true leaves appear, they are transferred into plastic bags and fed into a seedbed. Plant spacing 6 cm, spacing 12 cm, plastic bag diameter 5 cm, tenon height 10-12 cm. After the seedlings move in, they are afraid of high temperature scorching and drought. They should use a 75% shading net to set up shade awnings in time to shade and moisturize. 3 fertilization. It is mainly applied during the vigorous growth of seedlings. In April, foliar spraying of 0.1-0.3% solution of superphosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate was applied once every 5 days to promote root growth and stem lignification. Foliar application of 0.1% urea solution once every 5 days from July to August. In the late stage of seedling growth, spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 0.2-0.3% potassium sulfate solution once every 5-7 days to promote the lignification of seedlings and enhance winter cold resistance. 4, cold. Potassium fertilizer is added after autumn to promote lignification of seedlings. Shorten the shading time appropriately in the later period. From early September, shade nets will be gradually removed to increase lighting. Before the winter extreme temperatures arrived, they were covered with sheds to keep the seedlings cold. Second, cultivation 1, green seedling cultivation. According to the biological characteristics of this species, the broad-leaved trees such as Jinsikuai willow J842, Huangshanyao Village, and H. hirsutum were used for mixed arrangement of different ages to form a stable tree community with mixed deciduous and evergreen broad-leaved species. Deciduous trees are 2-3 meters apart and their spacing is 1.8-2.5 meters. Planting large-leaved holly plants between rows, each row spacing is 0.4-0.5 meters. The survival status of post-growth and greening require fertilization management. 2, leaf garden cultivation. With two-year-old seedlings planting, spacing of about 1 meter, spacing 1-1.2 meters, 1 year after colonization dwarfing trimming, trimming height of 1 meter or less. After 2 years, you can pick young leaves and make tea. Because it is necessary to take leaf tea, the organic fertilizer (composed cake fertilizer, chicken manure and other compound fertilizers) must be added during the cultivation process. Partial application of nitrogen fertilizer and the use of chemical fertilizers should be avoided as much as possible to achieve pollution-free requirements. 3, pest control. Although there are few pests and diseases of large-leaved wintergreen, it is by no means necessary to prevent them. Regardless of greenery or tea production, comprehensive prevention and control are advocated and environmental protection is emphasized. The first is to finely cut and remove the pests, dead branches, and inner dense branches in time. By reasonably adjusting the structure between the trees and the trees, the conditions for ventilation and light transmission are improved, and the living environment for diseases and insect pests is deteriorated. Followed by the use of biotechnology to eliminate pests, the use of natural enemies, using artificial feeding, introduction and other measures to increase the number of natural enemies and control the number of pests. Third, promote the use of biological pesticides, including microbial pesticides, animal pesticides, plant pesticides. Fourth, mineral-based pesticides such as Bordeaux mixture, lime sulfur, etc. can be used when necessary. Fifth, the prohibition of the use of highly toxic high-residue pesticides, the key can be a small amount of low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides, such as imidacloprid, etc., can be banned in the 20 days before the tea leaves. Sixth, improve the spraying technology, pay attention to timely spraying, reduce the frequency and concentration of application, so as to achieve both non-exclusive cure, can be ruled without treatment, if the prevention and treatment is effective, can no longer spray many times.