Rhododendron genus, Basidiomycetes, Polyporus, Dentalaceae, Hericium, also known as Hericium, Hericium, Hericium, Robinia, etc., are traditional Chinese medicines and bacteria, due to their fruiting bodies. Shaped like a monkey's head, it is named Hericium. The fruit body of Hericium erinaceus contains polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, cephalosporin, cephalosporin, plant lectin and other chemical components, and its nutrients are generally higher than other edible fungi cultivated at present. Among them, the polysaccharide of Hericium erinaceus is one of the most studied ingredients. Numerous studies have shown that the polysaccharides of Hericium erinaceus have anti-oxidation, hypolipidemic, immune-enhancing, anti-tumor, anti-aging and other biological activities, and a variety of drugs and health products made of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides are also favored by people.

Polysaccharide is one of the natural macromolecules in the body. It is a high molecular carbohydrate that is polymerized by a plurality of identical or different monosaccharides through glycosidic bonds. It is widely found in higher plants, animals, fungi and the like. Diverse has a variety of biological activities, such as anti-oxidation, anti-radiation, anti-coagulation, anti-tumor, immune regulation, anti-fatigue, blood sugar lowering and so on. At present, the extraction methods of polysaccharides mainly include hot water extraction, acid-base extraction, ultrasonic extraction, microwave extraction, enzyme extraction, supercritical extraction, ultra-high pressure extraction and combined extraction of two or more methods. Among them, the hot water extraction method has mild conditions and simple operation, and is the most traditional extraction method, but the polysaccharide yield is low, the energy consumption is high, and the extracted polysaccharide has low activity. The alkali extraction method is beneficial to increase the polysaccharide yield and biological activity, and is suitable for extracting acidic or uronic acid-containing polysaccharides, but too high alkali concentration will destroy the structure of the polysaccharide and affect the properties of the polysaccharide. Ultrasonic extraction has the characteristics of short time, simple operation, high efficiency and energy saving. It is often used in combination with hot water extraction.

In this paper, the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus was used as raw material, and the polysaccharides of Hericium erinaceus were obtained by hot water extraction, ultrasonic extraction and lye extraction respectively, and the yield, infrared spectrum, ultraviolet spectrum and glycopeptide bond were analyzed. Taking the ability of reducing ability and scavenging DPPH·, · OH, ABTS+· as indicators, the effects of different extraction methods on the antioxidant activity of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides in vitro were compared, and the extraction method with high antioxidant activity was selected to obtain the monkey head mushroom. Provide basis for the development and utilization of polysaccharides.