The management of apple from the harvest to the second spring before germination has a significant impact on the improvement of fruit quality and the tree growth, flowering and fruit setting, and yield increase in the coming year. The management technology is introduced as follows:

I. Pest control

1. Pest control. After the apple is harvested, leafminers, big leafhoppers, acarids, and leaf roller moths begin to thrive in the branches and rough cracks as winter eels, eggs or larvae. Therefore, after the fruit is harvested, pests and branches need to be cut off, the rough skin of the trunk must be scraped off, and the overwintering pests should be trapped by the bundling grass. After collection, they are collectively burned to reduce the number of insect pests in the coming year. After the fall, apple aphid, peach borer, beetle, etc. will infiltrate into the soil around the roots and overwinter, combined with fertilization in the fall, deep-turn the tree disk, and turn the diseased leaves, residual fruits, weeds, and pests that have passed the winter into the ground. The depth of the soil makes it impossible to excavate the soil in the next year. At the same time, the overwintering pests in the soil are pulled out of the ground and frozen to death. After the apple is harvested, it is also possible to spray the whole peach plant with 1500-fold peach or 10000-star liquid. Putting agricultural implements or abandoned houses in or near the orchard is an ideal place for wintering for pests such as tea winged larvae. Spraying in the winter or early spring or sealing and fumigating the houses is very effective.

2. Prevention and treatment of branch diseases. The diseases of apple branches mainly include rotenosis, rot, and dry rot, which are important diseases that affect the growth of fruit trees and the improvement of fruit quality. They mainly occur in adult tree, and young trees with poor management measures also occur. From the perspective of the occurrence of disease, the best time for drug use is in the middle or late November, and the effect of medication before sprouting in spring is not good. Combine scraping bark and scrape off lesions or lesions. The more effective agents are 10% smear 10 times or directly applied to the fluvitone solution.

Second, orchard soil fertilizer management

1. Autumn base fertilizer. After the apple is picked, it should be done sooner rather than later, and the earlier the fertilization, the better. Autumn Schiff base can supplement the loss of tree nutrients after apple harvesting, especially for trees with multiple trees and early maturing varieties. Early application of basal fertilizer is even more important. It usually takes place at the end of August until the falling leaves. Fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, so that the combination of soil and feeding is improved, and the combination of delayed effect and quick effect. In fertilizers, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are combined, and orchards lacking trace elements must be targeted. The amount of fertilizer to be used depends on the yield of individual fruit trees. Each 100 kg of fruit should be applied with 100-150 kg of organic fertilizer, 200 g of urea, 1-2 kg of superphosphate, and 300 g of potassium sulfate. Lack of zinc or boron in the orchard. Each plant was then fed with 100 g of high-purity zinc and high-purity boron. Use 2 years deep to apply 1 year shallow method. When deeply applied, dig a ring groove or a radial groove. The groove width is 25 to 30 cm and the depth is 50 to 60 cm. The position for digging the ditch should be staggered every year. Fertilizer should be used to cover the soil and water.

2. Foliage top dressing. It has been proved that the spraying of 1% to 1.5% urea on the leaves 15 days before defoliation can prolong the life span of leaves, enhance the function of leaves, increase the photosynthetic intensity, and promote the backflow of nutrients from the leaves to the trees and roots, thereby increasing the organic nutrient content in the tree. .

3. Orchard deeper. It is usually done in early November after the harvest of apples. Orchard deep turning can increase the thickness of the soil in the soil layer, improve the ventilation conditions, and increase the activity of microorganisms in the soil. Moreover, by deep tumbling, a large number of new roots can be promoted, root vitality can be improved, and nutrients and moisture can be absorbed. The depth of earth turning is gradually deepened from the neck of the trunk to the periphery, and the lower part of the canopy is suitable for about 20 cm. The circumference of the crown should be deepened to 30-50 cm. The deep roots and thick lateral roots are encountered when deep-turning. The root system can be cut at the periphery of the canopy, and a large number of new roots can be promoted. At the same time, deep-fall can kill a large number of pests that have passed through the soil in winter.

4. Pour frozen water. Pre-winter watering can improve the ability of fruit trees to withstand cold and meet the water requirements of fruit trees in the spring. The specific heat of water is large, which can maintain a relatively stable temperature of the soil and prevent freezing damage. The time should be in mid-November and the temperature should be between -3°C and 10°C.

Third, trim

After fruit harvesting, all new shoots and late leg shoots that have not stopped growing will be picked up, which can promote leaf hypertrophy, enhance photosynthetic efficiency, increase shoot maturity, and fullness of buds. The pests, dense branches, cross branches, and unusable leggy branches on the tree are cut off or shorted to maintain a balanced growth of the tree. The fruit trees that need to pull the branches should also be carried out in autumn. At this time, the pull branches have the characteristics of easy-pulling, fast setting, good slowing effect, and high flowering rate. Pulling branches to open the main non-branch branches, opening angle of 80 degrees, can effectively reduce the tree vigor, early results.

Fourth, Qingyuan

In the dormant period of fruit trees, the orchards must be thoroughly cleaned, and the trunks should be scraped to remove rough and peeled skin and eliminate the source of overwintering insects. At the same time, the diseased fruit, branches and leaves, and leaves of the garden were cleaned and burned or buried deeply. After clearing the orchard until several nines, the entire garden was sprayed with an eradicating agent to eliminate the remaining pests on the branches.

Five, trunk white

Before defoliating fruit trees and freezing in the soil, preparation of a whitening agent to brush the trunk and main branches can reduce or avoid the daily burning of fruit trees and frost damage, eliminate overwintering pests in the trunk cracks, and have the effect of preventing cold. The proportion of whitening agent is: 5-6 kg of quicklime, 1 kg of salt, 12.5 kg of water, 0.05 kg of spreading agent, 0.15 kg of animal oil, and 0.5 kg of lime sulfur stock solution. The concentration of the whitening agent should be applied to the trunk so that it does not run down, does not scab, and can be thinly adhered to a layer.

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