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Winter meat cow management
How to do a good job of cow feeding and management in winter is the most concern for many cattle farmers. Based on years of experience in researching rearing cows, the author puts forward different feeding programs according to the growth characteristics of cows at different stages for reference by the majority of farmers. Feeding management of bred cows After entering the breeding period, the management of the bulls and cows is different, and they must be properly reared according to the growth characteristics of different ages and the nutrients needed. 1, 6 - 12 months of age: For the cow's sexual maturity, for the breeding of cattle in this period, in addition to giving excellent pasture, hay, silage and juicy feed, but also must be properly added some mixed concentrate. Starting from the age of 9-10 months, some straw and grain bran can be fed, which accounts for 30%-40% of the total crude material. 2,13-18 months of age: The diet should be dominated by roughage and succulent feed, which accounts for about 75% of the total diet, and the remaining 25% for the mixed (mixed) feed to supplement energy and protein deficiency . 3, 19-24 months of age: At this time, the cow has been fertilized and grows slowly. During this period, high quality hay, hay and silage should be used as basic feed. Fine material can be fed less or not. However, by the end of pregnancy, due to the rapid growth of the fetus in the body, it is necessary to supplement the concentrate, and the daily dose is 2-3kg. The management of bred cattle should be separated from the cows first, and they can be bred and kept in captivity. Brush at least 1-2 times a day for 5 minutes. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen exercise and promote development. After 5 to 6 months of breeding, the cow's breast tissue is in a high development stage. In order to promote the development of the breast tissue, it is usually possible to massage twice in the morning and evening. Each time the massage is performed, the breast is wiped with a hot towel and stopped 1 to 2 hours before delivery. massage. Feeding and management of pregnant cows The embryo develops slowly during the first 6 months of pregnancy and does not have to increase nutrition for the cow. Keep middle and upper sensation in pregnant cows. The last 2-3 months of pregnancy should be focused on feeding, at least 45-70kg. It is important to point out that in the winter and spring withered grass season, cattle can't eat grass for a long time, vitamin A deficiency can be supplemented with carrots or vitamin A additives, feed 0.5-1 kg of carrots per head per day in winter, in addition, each head should also be replenished every day Concentrate 0.8-1.1kg. Concentrate formula: corn 67%, bean cake 13%, bran 17%, bone meal 2%, salt 1%, vitamin A100 million international units per 100kg concentrate material. Pregnancy, cattle grazing and other feed, can not feed frozen, moldy feed. The temperature of drinking water should not be lower than 10°C. Feeding should be carried out in the order of first coarse finish. That is, the raw material is fed first, and after the cow is half-full after being eaten, some of the fine material or crumbs are mixed in the coarse material to induce the cows to eat more food. Finally, the remaining fine materials are all fed, and the whole trough is eaten. . Late pregnancy should do a good job of fetal protection, regardless of grazing or feeding, should prevent collision, run. Pay attention to observation before delivery and ensure safe delivery. When the feed conditions are good, excessive fat and lack of exercise should be avoided. Adequate exercise can enhance the body composition of the cow, promote the growth and development of the fetus, and prevent dystocia. The high yield of purebred beef cattle is higher, especially for the first born cows, and midwifery work must be done. Feeding and Management of Lactating Cows 1. Care after childbirth and postpartum care: Cows that are close to the date of birth should stop grazing and give feeds that are nutritious, of good quality, and that are easy to digest. Two weeks before delivery, it is advisable to move the cows into the delivery room, where they are bred and taken care of by special personnel to find signs of labor, estimate the delivery time, and prepare for the delivery. Signs of laboring cows are mainly: the labia begins to loose, enlarge, congestive, wrinkles begin gradually on the labial surface 1 week before childbirth; there is clear mucus outflow 1 to 2 days before childbirth; pelvis 1-2 weeks before childbirth The ligament begins to soften, and the leading edge of the ligament is 12 to 36 hours prenatally. It becomes very soft and the sides of the tail are sunken; the cows are disturbed before delivery, and often review the abdomen, hindquarters sway, and the frequency of defecation and urine increases. Less, less appetite or stop. During the normal delivery process, the cow can produce the fetus smoothly without artificial assistance. However, for the first born cows, the cows with abnormal fetal position and long delivery process should be assisted in order to shorten the delivery process and ensure the survival of the fetus. Cows lose a lot of water when they are delivered, and they should immediately drink cow bran soup immediately after delivery. General warm water 10kg plus bran 0.5kg, salt 50kg, feed evenly. Conditional 250g brown sugar is better. Cows are prone to postpartum placenta infection, stagnation, mastitis, and phlegm fever. They must be observed frequently and found that the sick cows are treated promptly. 2. Feeding management of lactating cows: People often refer to the cow's delivery for the first month and the 70 days after the birth as the key 100 days for the cows' breeding. The concentrate feeds mainly in these 100 days, in order to provide the cows with adequate nutrition. Good quality hay should be given, and silage and carrots can be fed in winter. In the first few days after delivery, the physical strength has not been restored and the digestive function is not good. Therefore, an easily digestible diet must be given. The coarse material should be dominated by high-quality hay, and the fine material should be wheat bran, 0.5-1 kg per day. Increase, and add other feed, can be converted into normal diet after 3-4 days. Before the lochia of cows is discharged, it is not possible to feed too much concentrate to avoid affecting the recovery of reproductive organs and postpartum estrus. Feeding and management of empty cows Feeding and management of empty cows is mainly performed by raising the ratio of the fences, making full use of roughage, and reducing the cost of raising the cows. Breeding cows should have medium and high lyrical levels before they are bred. Overweight and overweight often affect reproduction. It has been proved that if the cows give enough balanced diet in the previous lactation period, the management will be able to improve the conception rate of the cows. The intensive feeding of lean cows 1 to 2 months before mating, supplementation of concentrates, can also increase fertility rates. When cows are in estrus, they should be bred in time to prevent missed matches and mismatches. For initial allocation of cows, management should be strengthened. Prevent wild match early assignment. Three weeks after the calving of the cows should pay attention to their estrus, and the estrus should be taken promptly if the estrus is abnormal or not. Generally cows postpartum 1-3 love period, estrus ovulation more normal, as time goes by, yak weight gain, consumption increased, if you can not feed in time, often the cow's lyrical decline, estrus ovulation affected. Therefore, missed estrus many times after birth, the conception rate will be lower and lower. If this happens, rectal examination should be performed in time to find out the situation and handle it carefully. Cows are empty and should be dealt with according to different circumstances. There are two reasons for causing cows to be empty and congenital. Congenital infertility is generally due to abnormal development of cow genital organs, such as malposition of the cervix, vaginal stenosis, infantile disease, heterosexual twins, and hermaphroditism. Congenital infertility is less often eliminated in breeding work. Carriers of sexual genes can be solved. The main cause of acquired infertility is due to nutritional deficiencies, feeding management and genital diseases. Adult cows cause infertility due to improper feeding and management, and most of them recover from their normal nutritional status. In the calf period due to malnutrition caused by obstructed growth and development, affecting the normal growth and development of reproductive organs caused by infertility, it is difficult to use feeding methods to remedy. If the long-term nutrition of the bred cows is insufficient, it will often lead to postponement of the puberty, the emergence of dystocia or stillbirth at the time of first birth, and affecting the subsequent fecundity. Sports and sunbathing are closely related to the enhancement of cattle population and the raising of the reproductive function of cows. Poor ventilation, air pollution, cold, and damp and other harsh environments can easily endanger the health of cows. Sensitive cows quickly stop estrus. Therefore, it is very important to improve the feeding and management conditions.