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Adult fish pond culture technology
Raising carp in adult fish ponds is an innovative and efficient method that utilizes low-value wild fish within the pond to transform them into high-quality, high-value fish, making it a promising approach for large-scale, industrialized carp farming.
The success of carp cultivation in fish ponds depends heavily on several factors, particularly the level of dissolved oxygen in the water. As a carnivorous species with high oxygen demand, maintaining adequate oxygen levels is crucial for the survival and growth of adult carp. The higher the fish density, the lower the dissolved oxygen becomes, which can negatively impact the fish's health and productivity. According to field data, fish yields per mu vary significantly—around 500 kg with an 80% survival rate, 600 kg with a 50% survival rate, and over 650 kg in high-yield ponds. Therefore, medium to low-yield ponds are more suitable for raising carp, with a recommended stocking rate of 400–500 kg per mu.
Water clarity plays a vital role in the feeding behavior of carp. High turbidity can impair their vision, making it harder for them to catch prey and affecting their growth. Ponds that rely on natural fertilization tend to perform better than those using commercial feed. Thus, it is advisable to use ponds where commercial feed is available to ensure optimal growth conditions.
Adult fish ponds are key to successful carp breeding. For ponds primarily used for eating fish, the area should be between 10 to 20 mu, while ponds focused on filter-feeding species can be larger, up to 20 to 40 mu. The water depth should be around 2 meters, with minimal silt at the bottom and a well-functioning inlet and drainage system. Fish ponds with good conditions should also have aerators installed to maintain water quality. Proper pond preparation and cleaning are essential before stocking.
When stocking carp fry, the number and size of naturally occurring wild fish in the pond should be considered. Typically, 40–50 fingerlings per acre, each over 5 cm in length, are stocked in late May or early June. Before placing them in the pond, the fry should be treated with a 3–5% saltwater solution or potassium permanganate to disinfect and improve their survival rate.
Feed availability is another important factor. Adult carp ponds often contain wild fish, shrimp, or eggs entering through water inflow or aquatic plants. These low-value organisms can be converted into high-value fish through careful management. Additionally, certain summer fish species should be periodically introduced based on the availability of feed fish to meet the nutritional needs of the carp.
Maintaining good water quality is critical for carp health. They are sensitive to low oxygen levels, so the water must remain clean and well-oxygenated. Water should be added every two weeks, about 20–30 cm each time, and more frequently during hot summer months (July–September), when water is added weekly. Lime slurry should be applied once a month to help regulate pH. If signs of oxygen stress appear, such as floating heads or regurgitated food, the aerator should be turned on or fresh water should be added immediately to prevent fish mortality.